Generation & mitigation of cyanides: A steel industrial perspective

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101463

Santanu Sarkar , Tamal Kanti Ghosh , Pratik Swarup Dash , Mahaad Issa Shammas , Sudip Chakarborty

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Abstract

This review presents the holistic analysis of generation and mitigation of cyanides in an integrated steel plant. The life cycle of cyanide in the environment, the effect of cyanide on humans and other living bodies, along with the sources of generation of cyanide from steel industries have been discussed here. As the concentration and properties of cyanide are dependent on the water matrix, therefore, measurement of cyanide concentration is very tedious. Available experimental tools for the determination of cyanide concentration (free or total cyanide) have been described to get the correct measurement of cyanide. On the other hand, discharge of cyanides from active industrial sites results in groundwater contamination, where metal cyanide complexes are major contributors to groundwater cyanide toxicity. Thus, it is essential to adopt or develop effective removal process of cyanide from steel industrial effluent to meet the stringent environmental norms for its discharge. Maximum literatures reported the effect of various experimental parameters like adsorbent & chemical dosage, pH, temperature, and residence time, electricity consumption, etc. on the removal percentage of cyanide via membrane technology, adsorption process, chemical & biochemical process, oxidation etc … Besides, different kinetics and isotherm models have been discussed to gain a deeper insight on the removal of cyanide. The final objective of this review is to present a brief overview of the life cycle of cyanide and the existing contemporary research on the development of new processes for cyanide removal from steel industry perspectives.

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氰化物的产生和减缓：钢铁工业的视角

本文对某综合炼钢厂氰化物的产生和治理进行了全面分析。本文讨论了氰化物在环境中的生命周期，氰化物对人类和其他生物的影响，以及钢铁工业产生氰化物的来源。由于氰化物的浓度和性质取决于水的基质，因此测量氰化物的浓度是非常繁琐的。现有的测定氰化物浓度（游离或总氰化物）的实验工具已被描述，以获得正确的氰化物测量。另一方面，从活跃的工业场所排放氰化物造成地下水污染，其中金属氰化物络合物是地下水氰化物毒性的主要来源。因此，必须采用或开发有效的除氰工艺，以满足严格的钢铁工业废水排放环境标准。大多数文献报道了不同实验参数的影响，如吸附剂&；化学药剂用量、pH值、温度、停留时间、电耗等对膜技术、吸附工艺、化学药剂对氰化物去除率的影响；此外，还讨论了不同的动力学和等温线模型，以期对氰化物的脱除有更深入的了解。本综述的最后目的是简要概述氰化物的生命周期，以及从钢铁工业的角度对开发除氰新工艺的现有当代研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

10.20%

发文量

152

期刊介绍： Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.