Factores protectores e intervenciones preventivas frente al suicidio en las minorías sexuales y de género. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

This study is a systematic review aimed at identifying protective factors and preventive interventions against suicidal behaviors within the sexual and gender minorities. A total of 30 articles were included, sourced from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and IBECS databases. Of these, 11 focused on protective factors and 19 on preventive interventions. Critical analysis of the articles revealed that the most researched protective factors are self-acceptance and an inclusive school environment, while the primary interventions focused on mitigating minority stress through various therapies. Additionally, other interventions with different objectives were identified. The transdiagnostic approach is being applied in multiple therapies and is of particular interest, as certain mental health stressors appear to be common across the entire LGTBIQ+. community. A key limitation is that several of the studies are ongoing, preventing the extraction of conclusive results. We conclude that some challenges remain, such as the limited exploration of self-harming behaviors among bisexual individuals and the lack of studies outside school settings. A positive school environment emerges as a significant protective factor, while preventive interventions, though promising, require further investigation and exploration of options such as family therapy and mindful self-compassion. In the future, it is crucial to improve interventions during critical moments of suicidal behavior and assess their effectiveness in conjunction with other strategies.