Time-saving appliances and educational pitfalls: Evidence from Pakistan

IF 13.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108599

Fareena Noor Malhi , Hashibul Hassan , Qinghe Su

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Abstract

This study examines the impact of access to time-saving appliances (TSA) on children's educational outcomes in rural Pakistan, with a particular focus on school retention, which reflects students' ability to remain enrolled and progress through the education system. Using village-level ownership in households without school-aged children as an instrument, this study identifies a causal link between time-saving appliances (TSA) ownership –specifically refrigerators and washing machines – and improved school retention among children. Our findings indicate that owning TSAs reduces overall dropout rates by 17 percentage points and increases years of schooling by 1.62 years. These effects are significantly stronger for girls, whose dropout rates decline by 43 percentage points, while their years of schooling increase by 2.76 years. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effects are strongest in households where parental educational aspirations exceed the median. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance educational retention and address gender disparities in Pakistan's education system.

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省时器具和教育陷阱：来自巴基斯坦的证据

本研究考察了使用省时电器（TSA）对巴基斯坦农村儿童教育成果的影响，特别关注了学校留校率，这反映了学生在教育系统中继续入学和进步的能力。本研究以没有学龄儿童的家庭的村级所有权为工具，确定了节省时间的电器（特别是冰箱和洗衣机）所有权与提高儿童留校率之间的因果关系。我们的研究结果表明，拥有tsa可以使总体辍学率降低17个百分点，并使受教育年限增加1.62年。这些影响在女孩身上更为明显，她们的辍学率下降了43个百分点，而受教育年限则增加了2.76年。此外，异质性分析显示，在父母教育愿望超过中位数的家庭中，这种影响最为强烈。这些发现为决策者提供了有价值的见解，这些决策者旨在提高教育留校率，解决巴基斯坦教育体系中的性别差异问题。

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来源期刊

Energy Economics ECONOMICS-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

12.50%

发文量

524

期刊介绍： Energy Economics is a field journal that focuses on energy economics and energy finance. It covers various themes including the exploitation, conversion, and use of energy, markets for energy commodities and derivatives, regulation and taxation, forecasting, environment and climate, international trade, development, and monetary policy. The journal welcomes contributions that utilize diverse methods such as experiments, surveys, econometrics, decomposition, simulation models, equilibrium models, optimization models, and analytical models. It publishes a combination of papers employing different methods to explore a wide range of topics. The journal's replication policy encourages the submission of replication studies, wherein researchers reproduce and extend the key results of original studies while explaining any differences. Energy Economics is indexed and abstracted in several databases including Environmental Abstracts, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation Index, GEOBASE, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Journal of Economic Literature, INSPEC, and more.