A review on Lithium-ion battery failure risks and mitigation indices for electric vehicle applications

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126139

K. Kalaikkanal, N. Gobinath

{"title":"A review on Lithium-ion battery failure risks and mitigation indices for electric vehicle applications","authors":"K. Kalaikkanal, N. Gobinath","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126139","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) are leading the way towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly future, helping the transportation sector moving closer to the carbon neutrality. Batteries hold a pivotal role in EVs due to their substantial influence on the vehicles' cost, performance, and safety. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), commonly used in EVs, are valued for their relatively longer lifespan, high energy storage density and no memory-effects; however, these batteries can pose safety risks in case of their failure. This study comprehensively overviews various LIBs used in EVs. It focuses primarily on the internal faults within LIBs covering their types, abusive scenarios, key feature indicators, safety enhancements, and fire characteristics. Any of the mechanical or electrical or thermal abusive scenarios is observed to eventually cause internal short circuit and hence, thermal runaway in LIBs. Overcharging is found to alter the porosity of cathode, anode and separators of LIBs whereas, over dis-charging is reported to degrade its capacity. LIBs, when exposed to abnormal working scenarios would face increase in temperature, swelling and gas release; Analysing these vent gases is reported as an effective way to corroborate the failure mechanism of LIBs. This work sheds light on LIB failure mechanisms behind the specific fault cases, highlights the battery characteristics that signal faults, and their instrumentation techniques. Furthermore, this review reports several challenges in the existing literature, provides insights and guidance for researchers to create safer and more durable EV batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126139"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Energy","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925008694","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are leading the way towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly future, helping the transportation sector moving closer to the carbon neutrality. Batteries hold a pivotal role in EVs due to their substantial influence on the vehicles' cost, performance, and safety. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), commonly used in EVs, are valued for their relatively longer lifespan, high energy storage density and no memory-effects; however, these batteries can pose safety risks in case of their failure. This study comprehensively overviews various LIBs used in EVs. It focuses primarily on the internal faults within LIBs covering their types, abusive scenarios, key feature indicators, safety enhancements, and fire characteristics. Any of the mechanical or electrical or thermal abusive scenarios is observed to eventually cause internal short circuit and hence, thermal runaway in LIBs. Overcharging is found to alter the porosity of cathode, anode and separators of LIBs whereas, over dis-charging is reported to degrade its capacity. LIBs, when exposed to abnormal working scenarios would face increase in temperature, swelling and gas release; Analysing these vent gases is reported as an effective way to corroborate the failure mechanism of LIBs. This work sheds light on LIB failure mechanisms behind the specific fault cases, highlights the battery characteristics that signal faults, and their instrumentation techniques. Furthermore, this review reports several challenges in the existing literature, provides insights and guidance for researchers to create safer and more durable EV batteries.

查看原文本刊更多论文

电动汽车锂离子电池失效风险及缓解指标研究进展

电动汽车（ev）正引领着一个更可持续、更环保的未来，帮助交通运输行业更接近碳中和。电池在电动汽车中扮演着关键角色，因为它们对汽车的成本、性能和安全性有着重大影响。通常用于电动汽车的锂离子电池（LIBs）因其相对较长的使用寿命、较高的能量存储密度和无记忆效应而受到重视；然而，这些电池在出现故障时可能会带来安全风险。本研究全面概述了电动汽车中使用的各种lib。它主要关注lib中的内部故障，包括它们的类型、滥用场景、关键特性指示器、安全增强和火灾特性。观察到任何机械、电气或热滥用情况最终会导致lib内部短路，从而导致热失控。研究发现，过充会改变锂离子电池阴极、阳极和隔板的孔隙度，而过充则会降低锂离子电池的容量。lib暴露在异常工作场景下会面临温度升高、膨胀和气体释放的问题；据报道，分析这些排放物是证实lib破坏机制的有效方法。这项工作揭示了具体故障案例背后的LIB故障机制，突出了信号故障的电池特性及其仪器技术。此外，本综述报告了现有文献中的几个挑战，为研究人员创造更安全、更耐用的电动汽车电池提供了见解和指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Applied Energy 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.20

自引率

10.70%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Applied Energy serves as a platform for sharing innovations, research, development, and demonstrations in energy conversion, conservation, and sustainable energy systems. The journal covers topics such as optimal energy resource use, environmental pollutant mitigation, and energy process analysis. It welcomes original papers, review articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts that bridge the gap between research, development, and implementation. The journal addresses a wide spectrum of topics, including fossil and renewable energy technologies, energy economics, and environmental impacts. Applied Energy also explores modeling and forecasting, conservation strategies, and the social and economic implications of energy policies, including climate change mitigation. It is complemented by the open-access journal Advances in Applied Energy.