Analysis of heat transfer and flow properties of penta hybrid nanofluid in magnetized squeezing flow of Boger-micropolar

Abstract

This study investigates the unsteady flow and heat characteristics of penta hybrid Boger-micropolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid between parallel disks, its heat performance, which has drawn significant interest because of its promising application in heat exchangers. The penta hybrid nanofluid consists of blood as the base fluid and five different nanoparticles of Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, Fe₃O₄, Ag and MoS₂. The main goal of this study is to examine the laminar, time-dependent, and incompressible flow of a penta-hybrid nanofluid under the influence of a magnetic field, focusing on the squeezing flow of a Boger micropolar nanofluid between both porous and non-porous disks, while also analyzing its thermal properties. The fluid is subjected to squeezing at the top disk, which is in motion in the axial direction, and a uniform suction/injection at the bottom disk. Energy and velocity slip effects are also considered at the fixed bottom disk. For the analysis of the flow, appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved numerically using Python. The analysis demonstrates that an increase in the solvent fraction factor (β₁) improves the heat transfer and flow velocity, and higher values of the relaxation time ratio (β₂) decrease the thermal conductivity. Also, an increase in the magnetic parameter (M) and microrotation (K) increases the resistance to flow and decreases the heat transfer efficiency. The results are presented graphically, illustrating the impact of microrotation, velocity, and temperature profiles, and providing useful information on the thermal performance of the fluid. The results have potential applications in advanced cooling systems, environmental purification, biomedical devices, and energy-efficient heat exchangers, where high heat transfer and control of the fluid are required.