Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a permeable cylinder with viscous dissipation effect

Abstract

Heat transfer can be enhanced by using ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF), a novel class of nanofluid. The current study examines nonlinear heat radiation through THNF and hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow through the permeable cylinder with viscous dissipation. Due to its numerous uses, the study of manganese Aluminium oxide, Copper and Titanium dioxide nanocomposite base HNF is becoming more popular in invention and research. The partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations and solved mathematically by using the BVP4C method in MATLAB coding. Moreover, a TNF combination nanofluids exhibits a higher heat transfer rate compared to both hybrid and base nanofluids. By creating systems with ideal flow and investigating how viscous dissipation impact the flow, scientists and engineers can improve the efficiency of heat transmission. Key parameters such as temperature, velocity, skin friction, and heat transfer rates are examined and visually represented. Findings can be applied to the design of industrial devices. Additionally, the analysis reveals several solutions (first and second solutions) for the similarity equations. Stability assessment shows that 1st solutions are steady and practically viable, while 2nd solutions are unsteady. Furthermore, a 0.1 % rises in the overall nanoparticle volume fraction results in a significant rise in the SFC and in the Nusselt number against suction parameter in the stable solution. Increasing ${\varphi }_3=\mathrm{0,0.04}\text{and}0.1$ causes decrease the variation in ${\mathrm{Re}}_x^{-1/2}N{u}_x$ for both first and second values. The obtained critical values are $S_{c1}=2.3794,S_{c2}=2.3272\text{and}{S}_{c3}=2.2547$, corresponding to ${\varphi }_3=\mathrm{0,0.04}\text{and}0.1$. The study also highlights improvements in heat transfer rates driven by volume fraction, suction, and Eckert number effects.