Sustainability Assessment in Craft Beer Production: Environmental, Economic, and Exergetic Analyses

Abstract

In recent years, the craft microbrewery industry has grown notably, contributing to the global economy and increasing the demand for sustainable practices. This expansion underscores the need for focused research on the sustainability of this industry. This study evaluates craft beer production from environmental, economic, and exergetic perspectives. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results of craft beer production revealed raw materials (51%) and transportation (31%) as the main environmental impact contributors. A sensitivity analysis comparing raw material sourcing from Europe, Brazil, and Argentina revealed that sourcing from Brazil instead of Europe reduced impacts by up to 22%. The economic analysis confirmed the feasibility of craft beer production, with promising indicators including a net present value of $US 49,422, a modified internal rate of return of 16.92%, and a benefit–cost ratio of 3.02. Additionally, exergetic analysis identified the first filtration as the greatest contributor to the overall exergy destruction (68%), highlighting opportunities for energy efficiency strategies. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of environmental, economic, and exergy analyses in achieving the sustainability of craft beer production. Furthermore, this study provides insights for process improvement through technological advancements and sustainable practices, supporting guidance for decision-making and fostering innovation in the craft beer industry.