Machine-Learning-Optimized Palm-Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Adsorbent for Gold Recovery from Mobile Leachate

Mochamad Lutfi Firmansyah, Gus Ali Nur Rohman and Nisar Ullah*, 
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Abstract

Given the significant increase in smartphone consumption, an incremental increase in global electronic waste (e-waste) production has become an environmental concern. Herein, we report on the use of palm biomass as a precursor of activated carbon (AC) to recover gold from e-waste. The current study utilizes random forest algorithms for the optimization of AC’s production from four types of palm biomass. Based on the optimization result, the highest conversion was achieved by palm fiber biomass, with >80% conversion at 600 °C. AC showed a moderate adsorption capacity toward Au at 64 mg/g. Optimization of the adsorption process was carried out by response surface methodology, resulting in an acceptable error value that indicates the suitability of the model. Under optimal conditions, 89.9% adsorption efficiency was achieved with an adsorbent dosage of 10 g/mL, an activation temperature of 600 °C, a Au concentration of 152 mg/L, and an adsorption temperature of 30 °C. The mechanistic modelling of the process shows a suitable fit with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis indicated that gold adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process. In addition, the AC resin was extensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and gas adsorption analysis.

机器学习优化的棕榈生物质活性炭吸附剂回收流动渗滤液中的金
鉴于智能手机消费的显著增长,全球电子垃圾(电子垃圾)产量的增量增长已成为一个环境问题。在这里,我们报告了使用棕榈生物质作为活性炭(AC)的前体从电子垃圾中回收黄金。目前的研究利用随机森林算法来优化四种棕榈生物量的AC产量。根据优化结果,棕榈纤维生物质的转化率最高,在600℃下的转化率达到80%。活性炭对金的吸附量为64 mg/g。通过响应面法对吸附过程进行了优化,得到了可接受的误差值,表明模型的适用性。在最佳条件下,吸附剂用量为10 g/mL,活化温度为600℃,Au浓度为152 mg/L,吸附温度为30℃,吸附效率为89.9%。该过程的机理模型与拟一级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型吻合较好。此外,热力学分析表明,金的吸附是一个自发的放热过程。此外,通过傅里叶变换红外、扫描电镜、x射线衍射和气体吸附分析对AC树脂进行了广泛的表征。
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