Control of ultrafast hot electron dynamics in epsilon-near-zero conductive oxide thin films

IF 11.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adu8850

Sudip Gurung, Subhajit Bej, Quynh Dang, Ambaresh Sahoo, Aleksei Anopchenko, Zhenhuan Yi, Alexei V. Sokolov, Andrea Marini, Ho Wai Howard Lee

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Abstract

The dynamics of nonlinear optical processes in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are primarily governed by hot electron relaxation with a sub-picosecond response. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast electron dynamics in nonlinear TCO ENZ materials. This study investigates the effects of laser peak power and ENZ mode excitation on hot electron relaxation in TCOs. Our experimental analysis theoretically supported by a hydrodynamic model reveals that increasing laser pulse intensity extends hot electron relaxation time by more than 200%, while ENZ mode excitation increases it by more than 40% in representative TCO ENZ materials. This research demonstrates the controllable modulation of ultrafast ENZ nonlinearity via pulse peak power and ENZ mode field enhancement. These findings provide substantial insights into the potential utilization of ENZ nonlinearity for the development of optical and quantum computing components, including ultrafast optical switches, dynamic pulse shapers, and modulators.

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近零导电氧化薄膜中超快热电子动力学的控制

近零（ENZ）透明导电氧化物（TCOs）中非线性光学过程的动力学主要由具有亚皮秒响应的热电子弛豫控制。然而，目前对非线性TCO ENZ材料的超快电子动力学缺乏全面的认识。本文研究了激光峰值功率和ENZ模式激发对tco中热电子弛豫的影响。我们的实验分析得到了流体动力学模型的理论支持，结果表明，在典型的TCO ENZ材料中，增加激光脉冲强度可使热电子弛豫时间延长200%以上，而ENZ模式激发可使热电子弛豫时间延长40%以上。本文研究了通过脉冲峰值功率和ENZ模场增强对超快ENZ非线性的可控调制。这些发现为ENZ非线性在光学和量子计算组件（包括超快光开关、动态脉冲整形器和调制器）开发中的潜在应用提供了实质性的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science Advances 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

21.40

自引率

1.50%

发文量

1937

审稿时长

29 weeks

期刊介绍： Science Advances, an open-access journal by AAAS, publishes impactful research in diverse scientific areas. It aims for fair, fast, and expert peer review, providing freely accessible research to readers. Led by distinguished scientists, the journal supports AAAS's mission by extending Science magazine's capacity to identify and promote significant advances. Evolving digital publishing technologies play a crucial role in advancing AAAS's global mission for science communication and benefitting humankind.