Artificial Intelligence in Rhinoplasty: Precision or Over-Reliance?

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into rhinoplasty has transformed preoperative planning and patient communication by providing highly accurate simulations of postoperative outcomes. AI-driven models, including deep learning and generative adversarial networks (GANs), have demonstrated the ability to predict nasal shapes, learn surgical styles, and refine aesthetic planning. However, despite these advancements, AI remains an imperfect predictor of surgical results, as it cannot account for individual healing processes, tissue behavior, and long-term nasal remodeling. Moreover, ethical concerns arise regarding bias in AI-generated predictions, the reinforcement of unattainable beauty standards, and the psychological impact on patients, particularly in the era of social media-driven aesthetics. Additionally, issues related to data privacy and the medico-legal risks associated with unrealistic patient expectations must be addressed. While AI is a powerful tool for enhancing rhinoplasty planning, it should be considered an adjunct rather than a replacement for surgical expertise. Future developments must refine AI models to incorporate patient-specific variables while maintaining a balanced approach that prioritizes ethical medical practice and individualized patient care.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .