Influence of thermal radiation on ternary hybrid nanofluid with thermal non-equilibrium effects and activation energy: Implications for biomedical applications

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of thermal radiation on the trihybrid nanofluid with local thermal non-equilibrium effects within a stenotic artery are briefly discussed. This article discusses the importance of activation energy and convective conditions. In the current study, the features of heat transmission without LTECs (local thermal equilibrium conditions) are investigated using a simple mathematical model. Two distinct necessary thermal gradients are produced for both the solid and liquid phases using the LTNE conventional approach. In a trihybrid nanofluid containing titanium oxide, silver, and gold nanoparticles, blood is used as the base fluid. This model can aid in the understanding and enhancement of targeted drug delivery systems, which depend on the precise control of drug dispersion and heat distribution inside the bloodstream. Understanding the heat and mass transfer mechanisms in stenosed arteries can also aid in the development of sophisticated diagnostic methods for cardiovascular disorders. The idea can also be used in cancer treatments like hyperthermia, which involve carefully heating bodily tissue. PDEs have been transformed into dimensionless ODEs using an appropriate similarity variable approach. MATLAB, a mathematical programming environment, then solves the ODEs both numerically and visually using its integrated bvp4c solver.