Reconfigurable high-temperature thermal protection shape memory aerogel based on phthalonitrile resin with facile template method

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120378

Rongxiang Hu , Fenghua Zhang , Lan Luo , Linlin Wang , Yanju Liu , Jinsong Leng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Shape memory polymer aerogels (SMPAs) hold great promise for aerospace thermal insulation but face high-temperature limitations. This study develops a phthalonitrile-based shape memory aerogel (SMPNA) through an in-situ polymerization template method, which exhibits remarkable compression resistance and low thermal conductivity due to its isotropic microporous structures. The shape recovery at high temperatures, based on its shape memory effect, allows SMPNA to provide dynamic thermal protection induced by its thermally driven deformation. The inherent high-temperature resistance of the matrix endows SMPNA with excellent thermal dimensional stability, exhibiting almost no shrinkage at 400 °C. In addition, after thermal treatment exceeds 600 °C, SMPNA undergoes carbonization while retains its microporous structure, thereby possessing excellent microwave absorption performance. The developed SMPNA integrates low-temperature insulation, high-temperature dynamic thermal protection, and microwave absorption capabilities after carbonization, broadening its application prospects. Furthermore, by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the SMPNA composite (SMPNAc) containing 8 % MWCNTs exhibits good microwave absorption characteristics that can be modulated via shape memory behavior. Additionally, the microwave absorption performance of SMPNAc remains stable across a broad temperature range up to 400 °C. This work offers new insights for the multifunctional applications of SMPAs in high-temperature environments.

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基于邻苯二腈树脂的易模板法可重构高温热防护形状记忆气凝胶

形状记忆聚合物气凝胶（smpa）在航空航天隔热方面具有很大的前景，但面临高温限制。本研究通过原位聚合模板法制备了一种基于邻苯二腈的形状记忆气凝胶（SMPNA），该材料由于其各向同性微孔结构而具有显著的抗压性和低导热性。基于其形状记忆效应，SMPNA在高温下的形状恢复可以提供由其热驱动变形引起的动态热保护。基体固有的耐高温特性使SMPNA具有优异的热尺寸稳定性，在400℃时几乎不收缩。此外，热处理超过600℃后，SMPNA在保持微孔结构的同时进行碳化，具有优异的微波吸收性能。研制的SMPNA集低温保温、高温动态热防护和碳化后微波吸收能力于一体，拓宽了其应用前景。此外，通过加入多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs），含有8% MWCNTs的SMPNA复合材料（SMPNAc）具有良好的微波吸收特性，可以通过形状记忆行为进行调制。此外，SMPNAc的微波吸收性能在高达400°C的宽温度范围内保持稳定。这项工作为smpa在高温环境中的多功能应用提供了新的见解。

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来源期刊

Carbon 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

7.30%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Carbon is an international multidisciplinary forum for communicating scientific advances in the field of carbon materials. It reports new findings related to the formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbons. Carbons are a broad class of ordered or disordered solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon, including but not limited to carbon black, carbon fibers and filaments, carbon nanotubes, diamond and diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene-oxide, porous carbons, pyrolytic carbon, and other sp2 and non-sp2 hybridized carbon systems. Carbon is the companion title to the open access journal Carbon Trends. Relevant application areas for carbon materials include biology and medicine, catalysis, electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, high-frequency, and photonic devices, energy storage and conversion systems, environmental applications and water treatment, smart materials and systems, and structural and thermal applications.