Modeling Galaxies in the Early Universe with Supernova Dust Attenuation

Jed McKinney, Olivia R. Cooper, Caitlin M. Casey, Julian B. Muñoz, Hollis Akins, Erini Lambrides and Arianna S. Long
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Abstract

Supernovae (SNe) may be the dominant channel by which dust grains accumulate in galaxies during the first Gyr of cosmic time as formation channels important for lower-redshift galaxies, e.g., asymptotic giant branch stars and grain growth, may not have had sufficient time to take over. SNe produce fewer small grains, leading to a flatter attenuation law. In this work, we fit observations of 138 spectroscopically confirmed z > 6 galaxies adopting standard spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling assumptions and compare standard attenuation law prescriptions to a flat attenuation law. Compared to SMC dust, flat attenuation close to what may be expected from dust produced in SNe yields up to 0.5 mag higher AV and 0.4 dex larger stellar masses. It also finds better fits to the rest-frame UV photometry with lower , allowing the observed UV luminosities taken from the models to be fainter by 0.2 dex on average. The systematically fainter observed UV luminosities for fixed observed photometry could help resolve current tension between the ionizing photon production implied by JWST observations and the redshift evolution of the neutral hydrogen fraction. Given these systematic effects and the physical constraint of cosmic time itself, fairly flat attenuation laws that could represent the properties of dust grains produced by SNe should be a standard consideration in fitting to the SEDs of z > 6 galaxies.
用超新星尘埃衰减模拟早期宇宙中的星系
超新星(SNe)可能是在宇宙时间的第一个Gyr期间尘埃颗粒在星系中积累的主要通道,作为低红移星系的重要形成通道,例如渐近巨大分支星和颗粒生长,可能没有足够的时间来接管。SNe产生较少的小颗粒,导致较平坦的衰减规律。本文采用标准光谱能量分布(SED)模型假设,拟合了138个经光谱证实的z >6星系的观测数据,并将标准衰减定律公式与平坦衰减定律进行了比较。与SMC尘埃相比,SNe中产生的尘埃的平坦衰减可能会产生高达0.5等的高AV和0.4倍的大恒星质量。它还发现,较低的温度更适合静置框架紫外线光度测定,允许从模型中观测到的紫外线光度平均弱0.2个指数。固定光度法观测到的较弱的紫外亮度有助于解决JWST观测所暗示的电离光子产生和中性氢组分红移演化之间的电流张力。考虑到这些系统效应和宇宙时间本身的物理限制,在拟合z>6星系的SEDs时,可以代表SNe产生的尘埃颗粒特性的相当平坦的衰减定律应该是一个标准考虑因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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