Occurrence, hydrolysis and photodegradation of phthalate esters in urban atmospheric aqueous aerosol in Wuhan City

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126505

Xinyue Zhao , Siyu Liu , Lina Wang , Li Yang , Jun He , Chengjun Wang

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Abstract

A gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method was developed to investigate the occurrence and transformations of phthalate esters (PAEs) in atmospheric aqueous aerosol in Wuhan City. Six of PAEs were detected in collected aerosol samples and their concentrations in atmosphere were followed the order of diallyl phthalate (0.244 μg m⁻³) > diethyl phthalate (0.235 μg m⁻³) > di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.176 μg m⁻³) > dimethyl phthalate (0.110 μg m⁻³) > di-n-octyl phthalate (0.081 μg m⁻³) > dipropyl phthalate (0.024 μg m⁻³). The Redundancy analysis results indicated that, compared to humidity and wind speed, temperature had the most important influence on the occurrence of PAEs in aqueous aerosol. The hydrolysis of selected PAEs in aqueous extracts of aerosol samples was examined under different conditions, determining that hydrolysis of PAEs is most susceptible to the ambient temperature at typical atmospheric aqueous pH of 3–5. In addition, photodegradation results suggested that indirect photodegradation played a key role in photodecomposition of PAEs under sunlight irradiation. The photo-generated reactive species including triplet water-soluble organic matter (³WSOM∗) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly contribute to the degradation of PAEs in atmospheric aqueous aerosol. This study provides an important reference for better understanding the occurrence and transformations of PAEs in ambient urban atmospheric aqueous aerosol.

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武汉市城市大气含水气溶胶中邻苯二甲酸酯的发生、水解和光降解

建立了气相色谱-火焰电离检测法，研究了武汉市大气含水气溶胶中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的存在和转化。在收集到的气溶胶样品中检测到6种PAEs，其在大气中的浓度依次为：邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯（0.244 μg -3）；邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（0.235 μg -3）；邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（0.176 μg -3） >；邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（0.110 μg -3） >；邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（0.081 μg -3）；邻苯二甲酸二丙酯（0.024 μg -3）。冗余分析结果表明，与湿度和风速相比，温度对含水气溶胶中PAEs的发生影响最大。研究了不同条件下气溶胶样品水提取物中PAEs的水解情况，确定PAEs的水解最易受环境温度的影响，典型的大气水pH为3-5。此外，光降解结果表明，间接光降解在日光照射下PAEs的光分解中起关键作用。光生成的反应物质包括三重态水溶性有机物（3WSOM*）和活性氧（ROS），它们对大气水溶液气溶胶中PAEs的降解起主要作用。该研究为更好地理解城市大气中PAEs的发生和转化提供了重要参考。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.