Freeze-thaw resistance mechanisms of rubber-cement soil: insights from a macro- and micro-level perspective.

IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Environmental Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-18 DOI:10.1080/09593330.2025.2505802
Jie He, Rui Liu, Fangcheng Liu, Mengtao Wu, Qifeng Wen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The waste tire rubber may be incorporated with the cement soil to improve its frost resistance. However, it remains a significant challenge to optimise the rubber content between its mechanical strength and durability under freeze-thaw conditions. In this study, the macroscopic mechanical properties of ordinary cement soil and rubber-cement soil (with particle sizes of 30 and 60 mesh) were explored under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 3, 6, 9, 15) by taking the wave propagation and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Subsequently, a series of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted to analyse the microstructure of the specimens, further clarifying the freeze-thaw damage mechanisms in rubber-cement soil. The results show that freeze-thaw cycles cause irreversible internal damage to the cement soil, leading to continuous reductions in both wave velocity and UCS. After 15 freeze-thaw cycles, the wave velocity loss rates are 95%, 72.2%, and 89.7% for ordinary cement soil, cement soil mixed with 30-mesh and 60-mesh rubber particles, respectively. The corresponding UCS loss rates are 95.4%, 82.7%, and 89.2%, respectively. The above results suggest that 30-mesh rubber-cement soil exhibits superior frost resistance. From a microstructural perspective, the rubber particles delay and inhibit the propagation of frost heaving cracks, forming a denser spatial structure for calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) gel, thereby improving the freeze-thaw resistance. By integrating macroscopic mechanical testing and microstructural analysis, this study reveals the mechanical properties and damage mechanism of rubber-cement soil under freeze-thaw conditions, providing valuable insights for its engineering applications.

橡胶水泥土抗冻融机制:宏观和微观两个层面的见解。
废轮胎橡胶可掺入水泥土中以提高其抗冻性。然而,如何在冻融条件下优化其机械强度和耐久性之间的橡胶含量仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究通过波传播和无侧限抗压强度(UCS)试验,探讨了不同冻融周期(0、3、6、9、15)下普通水泥土和橡胶水泥土(粒径分别为30和60目)的宏观力学特性。随后,通过一系列扫描电镜(SEM)和x射线衍射(XRD)测试分析了试件的微观结构,进一步阐明了橡胶水泥土冻融损伤机理。结果表明:冻融循环对水泥土造成不可逆的内部损伤,导致波速和单轴加速度持续降低;经过15次冻融循环后,普通水泥土、掺30目橡胶颗粒的水泥土、掺60目橡胶颗粒的水泥土的波速损失率分别为95%、72.2%和89.7%。相应的UCS损失率分别为95.4%、82.7%和89.2%。以上结果表明,30目橡胶水泥土具有较好的抗冻性能。从微观结构上看,橡胶颗粒延缓和抑制了冻胀裂缝的扩展,形成了硅酸钙水合物(C-S-H)凝胶更致密的空间结构,从而提高了抗冻融性能。通过宏观力学试验和微观结构分析相结合,揭示了冻融条件下橡胶水泥土的力学特性和损伤机理,为橡胶水泥土的工程应用提供了有价值的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Environmental Technology
Environmental Technology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
3.60%
发文量
0
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Technology is a leading journal for the rapid publication of science and technology papers on a wide range of topics in applied environmental studies, from environmental engineering to environmental biotechnology, the circular economy, municipal and industrial wastewater management, drinking-water treatment, air- and water-pollution control, solid-waste management, industrial hygiene and associated technologies. Environmental Technology is intended to provide rapid publication of new developments in environmental technology. The journal has an international readership with a broad scientific base. Contributions will be accepted from scientists and engineers in industry, government and universities. Accepted manuscripts are generally published within four months. Please note that Environmental Technology does not publish any review papers unless for a specified special issue which is decided by the Editor. Please do submit your review papers to our sister journal Environmental Technology Reviews at http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tetr20/current
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