A comprehensive review on cutting-edge nanoengineered adsorbents for decontamination of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater

Abstract

Eradication of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and other organic or inorganic components from wastewater has become a major issue across the globe. This challenge has been addressed by a wide range of technological solutions. Nanotechnology, a relatively new field of study, has attracted ever-increasing attention in this field due to its gifted potential for removing pollutants from aqueous medium. Different types of nanomaterials were developed in recent years to deal with the water pollution because of their unique size-driven effect. Nanoadsorbent is contemplated as the most efficient and preferentially eco-friendly sorbent that has the capability to remove toxic substances originating from industry and domestic wastewater. Nanosized particles possess distinctive physical and chemical properties; thus, adsorption phenomena are also governed by the size factor. The purpose of this review article is to provide an updated and coherent information on kinetics and isotherms of adsorption techniques for the removal of heavy metals and dyes using nanoadsorbents in recent years. The applications, advantages, and limitations of nanosorbents in water and wastewater treatment were critically explained. This comprehensive review can be a profound reference for scientists and researchers working on the development of advanced nanoadsorbents.