A distributed and sustainable model for future cities: A profitability analysis of integrated photovoltaic systems with storage under different incentive policies

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114691

Alberto Biancardi , Federico Califano , Idiano D'Adamo , Massimo Gastaldi , Ioannis Kostakis

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Abstract

In recent decades, photovoltaic (PV) energy has experienced significant global growth. In this context, Italy has long been recognised as a pioneering country – a position it maintains despite a recent slowdown in installed capacity. The residential sector is essential for fostering sustainable development, with prosumers exemplifying citizen-driven contributions to the ecological transition. The present study undertook a strategic analysis to propose a suitable incentive policy to support residential PV adoption. A predominant recommendation among scholars and experts was the implementation of a 70 % tax deduction over a 10-year period. An economic analysis was conducted for individual PV systems and systems integrated with battery energy storage (BES), assessing both current and prospective policy environments. The results showed that net present value increased by approximately 330 €/kW, representing the potential economic benefit to prosumers. Installation profitability was strongly influenced by the percentage of self-consumption and the avoided cost of electricity, with policy incentives serving as catalysts for new investments. The analysis identified the minimum increase in self-consumption needed for integrated PV + BES systems to surpass the profitability of standalone PV systems: 15–34 % in the current policy scenario and 11–28 % in the proposed alternative scenario. Consequently, the integration of PV + BES systems appears essential for the development of sustainable cities, with prosumers playing a crucial role in advancing the green transition towards SDG 7.

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未来城市的分布式可持续发展模式：不同激励政策下光伏储能系统的盈利分析

近几十年来，光伏（PV）能源经历了显著的全球增长。在这方面，意大利长期以来一直被认为是一个先锋国家——尽管最近装机容量有所放缓，但它仍保持着这一地位。住宅部门对于促进可持续发展至关重要，产消费者是公民为生态转型做出贡献的典范。本研究进行了战略分析，提出了一个合适的激励政策，以支持住宅光伏的采用。学者和专家们的主要建议是在10年内实施70%的税收减免。对单个光伏系统和集成电池储能系统（BES）进行了经济分析，评估了当前和未来的政策环境。结果表明，净现值增加了约330欧元/千瓦，代表了生产用户的潜在经济效益。安装利润受到自用百分比和避免的电力成本的强烈影响，政策激励措施是新投资的催化剂。分析确定了集成光伏+ BES系统要超过独立光伏系统的盈利能力所需的自我消费的最小增长：在当前政策情景中为15 - 34%，在拟议的替代方案中为11 - 28%。因此，光伏+ BES系统的整合对于可持续城市的发展至关重要，产消者在推动向可持续发展目标7的绿色转型中发挥着至关重要的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Policy 管理科学-环境科学

CiteScore

17.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

540

审稿时长

7.9 months

期刊介绍： Energy policy is the manner in which a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development including energy conversion, distribution and use as well as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to contribute to climate change mitigation. The attributes of energy policy may include legislation, international treaties, incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation, taxation and other public policy techniques. Energy policy is closely related to climate change policy because totalled worldwide the energy sector emits more greenhouse gas than other sectors.