Surgical management of rare complete duplicated urethra with epispadias (Effmann Type Ⅱ A1): A novel approach

Abstract

Urethral duplication is an infrequent anomaly classified by the Effmann system into three main types: incomplete (Type I), complete (Type II), and those with a duplicated bladder (Type III). Types I and II have further subcategories. Type I A and Type II A2 are most common, while Type II A1 (complete urethral duplication with epispadias) is rare. Due to its rarity and heterogeneity, there is no standardized surgical treatment. This article presents a surgical case of Type II A1, detailing a straightforward, minimally invasive technique with favorable outcomes and no complications compared to previously reported techniques.