Transparent and Conformal Directional Janus Metasurface with Joint Amplitude and Phase Modulations

Abstract

To address the growing demands of modern communication systems, the design of integrated multifunctional metasurfaces has become a key focus of research. Janus metasurface enables directional multiplexing by providing independent phase responses to electromagnetic waves from different incident directions, achieving multifunctional integration in space. Here, a novel class of Janus metasurfaces is proposed with optical transparency, capable of achieving asymmetric transmissions through precise amplitude-phase joint modulations. The proposed Janus metasurfaces enable directional holographic imaging in the planar state and support advanced asymmetric electromagnetic functions in the conformal state, such as multifocal convergence and multibeam deflection. In experiments, the fabricated samples demonstrate excellent alignment with design objectives, maintaining optical transparency at ≈38.5%. It is believed that the proposed conformal Janus metasurfaces with unique transparency and asymmetric transmission control capabilities have great potential to demonstrate diverse and valuable applications in specific environments.