Challenges to high-quality care in autism with functional somatic symptoms: A case-inspired narrative review and exploratory biopsychosocial model.

Abstract

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently experience functional somatic symptoms (FSS), although the underlying causes often remain unclear. Various biological and psychological factors, both individual and within families, such as alexithymia or health anxiety, can intensify these symptoms, sometimes resulting in excessive and unnecessary medical interventions.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was conducted, alongside the presentation of a case report involving a 13-year-old boy with ASD. The case illustrates how personal and familial factors can influence the presentation of FSS and the risks of inappropriate treatment.DiscussionThe findings suggest that psychological and familial factors play a significant role in the manifestation of FSS in ASD. These factors can increase the risk of unnecessary medicalization, as they often lead to misinterpretation of symptoms by caregivers and healthcare providers. The case report further underscores how the interaction of personal and familial dynamics can complicate the management of FSS. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach that addresses both the individual and the family is crucial for managing FSS in ASD. Future research should focus on developing targeted interventions that address these psychological and familial influences to enhance the quality of care and reduce unnecessary and potentially harmful healthcare utilization in ASD.