Heavy Metals in Breast Implants and Implications for Breast Implant Illness: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 SURGERY

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI:10.1007/s00266-025-04900-1

Jade E Smith, Iulianna C Taritsa, Michael Stigliano, Jose Foppiani, Daniela Lee, Otakar Raska, Thomas Suszynski, Umar Choudry, Samuel J Lin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Breast implant illness (BII) has raised concerns about breast implant safety, with some suggesting that heavy metals released from implants could contribute to systemic symptoms. This systematic review examines the presence of metal residues in breast implants and surrounding tissues, and their potential role in BII.

Methods: A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using EMBASE, Web of Science, and PUBMED for studies published until January 2024. Inclusion criteria targeted material science and clinical research on metal residues in patients with breast implants. Data on metal concentrations, detection techniques, sample types, and clinical outcomes were extracted.

Results: Our search identified 304 titles, from which seven unique studies met inclusion criteria. Platinum, the most frequently detected metal, was detected in implant gel, capsular tissue, and systemic samples (blood, urine, and hair), in concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 125.27 μg/g. No consistent correlation was identified between metal levels and BII symptoms. Tin, aluminum, arsenic, and zinc were detected at low levels, below established toxicity thresholds, and often attributed to environmental exposure due to their presence in control groups. Inconsistencies in metal concentrations across studies were linked to variations in metal detection techniques and sample preparation.

Conclusion: We highlight the presence of metal residues, particularly platinum, in breast implants and adjacent tissue, but without a definitive link to BII. Current evidence does not support heavy metal toxicity as a primary justification for total capsulectomy in BII management. Further evidence-based clinical guidelines are needed to better inform management of BII.

Level of evidence iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

查看原文本刊更多论文

隆胸植入物中的重金属及其对隆胸植入物疾病的影响：文献系统综述。

目的：乳房植入物疾病（BII）引起了人们对乳房植入物安全性的关注，一些人认为植入物释放的重金属可能导致全身症状。这篇系统综述探讨了金属残留在乳房植入物和周围组织中的存在，以及它们在BII中的潜在作用。方法：根据PRISMA指南，使用EMBASE、Web of Science和PUBMED对2024年1月前发表的研究进行系统文献检索。纳入标准针对隆胸植入物患者金属残留的材料科学和临床研究。提取有关金属浓度、检测技术、样品类型和临床结果的数据。结果：我们检索了304篇论文，其中7篇独特的研究符合纳入标准。铂是最常检测到的金属，在种植体凝胶、被囊组织和全身样本（血液、尿液和毛发）中检测到，浓度范围为0.001至125.27 μg/g。未发现金属水平与BII症状之间存在一致的相关性。锡、铝、砷和锌的检测水平较低，低于既定的毒性阈值，由于它们在对照组中存在，通常归因于环境暴露。研究中金属浓度的不一致与金属检测技术和样品制备的差异有关。结论：我们强调了金属残留物的存在，特别是铂，在乳房植入物和邻近组织，但没有明确的联系BII。目前的证据不支持重金属毒性作为全囊切除术治疗BII的主要理由。需要进一步的循证临床指南来更好地为BII的管理提供信息。证据等级iii：本刊要求作者为每篇文章指定证据等级。有关这些循证医学评级的完整描述，请参阅目录或在线作者说明www.springer.com/00266。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 医学-外科

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

25.00%

发文量

479

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Aesthetic Plastic Surgery is a publication of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and the official journal of the European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (EASAPS), Società Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica Ricostruttiva ed Estetica (SICPRE), Vereinigung der Deutschen Aesthetisch Plastischen Chirurgen (VDAPC), the Romanian Aesthetic Surgery Society (RASS), Asociación Española de Cirugía Estética Plástica (AECEP), La Sociedad Argentina de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reparadora (SACPER), the Rhinoplasty Society of Europe (RSE), the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons (ISPAS), the Singapore Association of Plastic Surgeons (SAPS), the Australasian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS), the Egyptian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ESPRS), and the Sociedad Chilena de Cirugía Plástica, Reconstructiva y Estética (SCCP). Aesthetic Plastic Surgery provides a forum for original articles advancing the art of aesthetic plastic surgery. Many describe surgical craftsmanship; others deal with complications in surgical procedures and methods by which to treat or avoid them. Coverage includes "second thoughts" on established techniques, which might be abandoned, modified, or improved. Also included are case histories; improvements in surgical instruments, pharmaceuticals, and operating room equipment; and discussions of problems such as the role of psychosocial factors in the doctor-patient and the patient-public interrelationships. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery is covered in Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, SciSearch, Research Alert, Index Medicus-Medline, and Excerpta Medica/Embase.