{"title":"Surface Free Energy Measurement of Low Energy and High Energy Surfaces in Microgravity Conditions","authors":"Abrar Ahmed, Prashant R. Waghmare","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10181-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive exploration of a theoretical model designed to measure the surface energy of solids under microgravity conditions. While numerous studies have investigated various techniques for determining the surface energy of solids through the use of pairs of liquids based on Young’s equation of contact angle, these methods often lack accuracy and are impractical in space-like environments due to safety concerns. In this investigation, we critically examine and validate the sessile drop accelerometry model, specifically developed for measuring the surface free energy of solids in microgravity conditions through the deposition of a single water droplet. This model encompasses a set of governing equations that enable the determination of interfacial energies as a function of changes in the droplet’s shape resulting from the release of gravitational energy. To validate and analyze the theoretical model, a sophisticated experimental payload was developed, and a series of rigorous experiments were conducted under both reduced gravity and hypergravity conditions, simulated using parabolic flight. The measured surface free energy values were compared against traditional polar-nonpolar-based surface energy measurement techniques, demonstrating strong agreement and highlighting the robustness of the SDAcc model. Through rigorous theoretical and experimental analyses, this study establishes a fundamental understanding of the influence of gravity on metastable droplet morphology and its implications for accurate surface energy determination. These findings will contribute to the advancement of interfacial science in reduced gravity environments and open new avenues for surface characterization techniques in space applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microgravity Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12217-025-10181-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive exploration of a theoretical model designed to measure the surface energy of solids under microgravity conditions. While numerous studies have investigated various techniques for determining the surface energy of solids through the use of pairs of liquids based on Young’s equation of contact angle, these methods often lack accuracy and are impractical in space-like environments due to safety concerns. In this investigation, we critically examine and validate the sessile drop accelerometry model, specifically developed for measuring the surface free energy of solids in microgravity conditions through the deposition of a single water droplet. This model encompasses a set of governing equations that enable the determination of interfacial energies as a function of changes in the droplet’s shape resulting from the release of gravitational energy. To validate and analyze the theoretical model, a sophisticated experimental payload was developed, and a series of rigorous experiments were conducted under both reduced gravity and hypergravity conditions, simulated using parabolic flight. The measured surface free energy values were compared against traditional polar-nonpolar-based surface energy measurement techniques, demonstrating strong agreement and highlighting the robustness of the SDAcc model. Through rigorous theoretical and experimental analyses, this study establishes a fundamental understanding of the influence of gravity on metastable droplet morphology and its implications for accurate surface energy determination. These findings will contribute to the advancement of interfacial science in reduced gravity environments and open new avenues for surface characterization techniques in space applications.
期刊介绍:
Microgravity Science and Technology – An International Journal for Microgravity and Space Exploration Related Research is a is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with all topics, experimental as well as theoretical, related to research carried out under conditions of altered gravity.
Microgravity Science and Technology publishes papers dealing with studies performed on and prepared for platforms that provide real microgravity conditions (such as drop towers, parabolic flights, sounding rockets, reentry capsules and orbiting platforms), and on ground-based facilities aiming to simulate microgravity conditions on earth (such as levitrons, clinostats, random positioning machines, bed rest facilities, and micro-scale or neutral buoyancy facilities) or providing artificial gravity conditions (such as centrifuges).
Data from preparatory tests, hardware and instrumentation developments, lessons learnt as well as theoretical gravity-related considerations are welcome. Included science disciplines with gravity-related topics are:
− materials science
− fluid mechanics
− process engineering
− physics
− chemistry
− heat and mass transfer
− gravitational biology
− radiation biology
− exobiology and astrobiology
− human physiology