Surface materials and cleaning efficacy in healthcare: A comprehensive review of strategies and outcomes

Abstract

Effective cleaning plays a critical role in reducing healthcare-associated infections. In recent years, built environment interventions in healthcare facilities have gained attention for their potential to enhance cleaning practices. Among these, contact surface materials serve as interfaces between the healthcare environment and its users. Emerging evidence from microbiological studies has demonstrated a clear link between environmental cleaning, surface material characteristics, and infection transmission.

This review synthesizes findings from 70 studies to explore the intricate relationship between surface material characteristics and designing for cleaning efficacy. This study explores how material characteristics like porosity, texture, and durability affect cleaning ease and disinfectant performance within healthcare environments. The scope of the review includes mechanical cleaning, chemical disinfectants like sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compounds, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as UV disinfection.

The results of this review underscore the importance of optimized disinfection strategies based on surface characteristics and microbial resistance. Findings suggest, smooth, nonporous surfaces and finishes allow for more effective cleaning compared to porous and textured surfaces, which may trap contaminants and limit disinfectant penetration. Additionally, the disinfectant choice must consider the material's susceptibility to degradation or discoloration over time, as well as safety concerns for users. This literature-based analysis reveals important relationships between surface material characteristics and effective cleaning methods. These findings offer valuable insights for selecting appropriate interior materials and developing optimal sanitation protocols in healthcare settings.