Unique properties of novel feedstock Pterygota alata seed oil: A cleaner approach for biodiesel and bio-lubricant perspectives

Abstract

This study evaluates Pterygota alata seed oil (PASO) as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel and bio-lubricant applications. Physicochemical analysis revealed its high viscosity index (155), kinematic viscosities of 65 mm²/s (at 40°C) and 14 mm²/s (at 100°C), flash point (200°C), fire point (240°C), and pour point (18.5°C), outperforming conventional bio-lubricants like Milletia pinnata seed oil, rice bran oil, and mineral SAE40 engine oil. Biodiesel was synthesized via an optimized in situ transesterification process, eliminating separate oil extraction and esterification steps. The optimal conditions includes 6:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 1.5 % KOH catalyst, 65°C, 600 rpm, and 3 hour reaction, achieved 95 % yield. Further characterizated using GC-MS FID, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and TGA validated its composition and thermal stability. Empirical analysis confirmed ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 compliance, demonstrating fuel properties comparable to petro-diesel. A cost estimation analysis indicated economic feasibility. The study highlights PASO’s potential as a high performance bio-lubricant and a cost effective biodiesel feedstock, offering a sustainable pathway for renewable energy and lubricant production. The estimated cost of one litre of biodiesel by in situ method is 78.7 INR, which shows the considerable markatable feasibility.