Artritis idiopática juvenil

Abstract

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a condition affecting children under 16 years of age characterized by arthritis of unknown origin that lasts at least six weeks. It is classified into several subtypes, such as systemic, oligoarticular, and polyarticular JIA, each with specific diagnostic criteria. JIA is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in pediatrics. The etiopathogenesis involves genetic factors, especially in the HLA region, and an abnormal activation of the immune system has been identified. The clinical manifestations within the systemic subtype are diverse; typical complications are uveitis and temporomandibular joint involvement. The diagnosis is based on the medical record, a physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment is aimed at remission and may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, synthetic disease-modifying drugs, TNF-α inhibitors, IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, and small molecules. The assessment of disease activity is performed using scales that combine clinical and analytical parameters.