Population exposure to ozone and its gas-phase oxidation products in 25 European cities

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-18 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138637

Mingyao Yao, Belias Evangelos, Dusan Licina, Bin Zhao

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Abstract

Ozone and its oxidation products are increasingly recognized as significant health hazards. Understanding population exposure is critical for linking ozone and its products to health outcomes. This study used outdoor ozone concentrations from 47 monitoring stations and a Monte-Carlo approach based on mass balance model to assess exposures to ozone and 23 of its volatile oxidation products across 25 cities in 19 European countries (2015–2019), focusing on four age groups (15+ years). Average indoor concentrations of ozone and its oxidation products were 7.0 ppb and 24.6 ppb in residences, 12.5 ppb and 19.3 ppb in schools, and 12.7 ppb and 19.1 ppb in offices, respectively. Overall exposures averaged 10.9 ppb for ozone and 26.9 ppb for oxidation products, with oxidation product exposures exceeding ozone exposures across all age groups. Residences contributed 58.2% of ozone and 82.6% of oxidation product exposures due to lower air change rates and prolonged occupancy. These results highlight the significant role of residences in exposure, particularly for the elderly, and underscore the need for targeted indoor ozone mitigation strategies to protect public health.

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欧洲25个城市的人口暴露于臭氧及其气相氧化产物

臭氧及其氧化产物日益被认为是严重的健康危害。了解人群暴露对于将臭氧及其产品与健康结果联系起来至关重要。本研究利用47个监测站的室外臭氧浓度和基于质量平衡模型的蒙特卡洛方法，评估了19个欧洲国家25个城市（2015-2019年）的臭氧暴露及其23种挥发性氧化产物，重点关注四个年龄组（15岁以上）。住宅臭氧及其氧化产物的平均室内浓度分别为7.0 ppb和24.6 ppb，学校为12.5 ppb和19.3 ppb，办公室为12.7 ppb和19.1 ppb。臭氧平均暴露量为10.9 ppb，氧化产物平均暴露量为26.9 ppb，所有年龄组的氧化产物暴露量均超过臭氧暴露量。由于较低的空气变化率和长期居住，住宅贡献了58.2%的臭氧和82.6%的氧化产物暴露。这些结果强调了住宅在接触臭氧方面的重要作用，特别是对老年人而言，并强调需要制定有针对性的室内臭氧缓解战略，以保护公众健康。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.