Oxidation behaviour of EUROFER-97 under simulated water-cooled lithium lead breeder blanket conditions.

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

npj Materials Degradation Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1038/s41529-025-00600-y

Liberato Volpe, Dora Capone, Peter Andresen, Eric Prestat, Fabio Scenini

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Abstract

The effect of water chemistry, surface condition, alkalizing agent (LiOH vs. KOH), and Zn addition was investigated at 300 °C on the oxidation behaviour of reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAF/M) EUROFER-97. EUROFER-97 is the proposed material for the water-cooled lithium lead breeder blanket (WCLL-BB) section of DEMO, but its behaviour under elevated temperature hydrogenated water has never been investigated. Advanced material characterization showed that, despite its relatively low chromium content, EUROFER-97 exhibits high corrosion resistance. This is because EUROFER-97 is protected by an inner polycrystalline FeCr₂O₄ layer, formed regardless of the water chemistry and surface preparation investigated. The outer non-protective oxide consists of Fe₃O₄ crystallites, which were refined when KOH was used. When injected, Zn was observed only on top of the outer crystallites without diffusing into the inner oxide layer. These findings demonstrate the excellent oxidation behaviour of EUROFER-97 in the proposed water chemistry, highlighting its suitability for the WCLL-BB section.

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模拟水冷锂铅增殖包层条件下EUROFER-97的氧化行为。

在300℃条件下，研究了水化学、表面条件、碱化剂（LiOH vs. KOH）和Zn添加量对还原活化铁素体马氏体（RAF/M） EUROFER-97氧化行为的影响。EUROFER-97是DEMO水冷锂铅增殖包层（WCLL-BB）部分的拟议材料，但其在高温氢化水下的行为从未被研究过。高级材料表征表明，尽管其铬含量相对较低，但EUROFER-97具有较高的耐腐蚀性。这是因为EUROFER-97受到内部多晶FeCr2O4层的保护，无论水化学和表面制备如何，该层都能形成。外部非保护性氧化物由Fe3O4晶组成，在KOH的作用下，Fe3O4晶得到了细化。当注入时，锌只在外层晶体的顶部，而没有扩散到内部的氧化层。这些发现证明了EUROFER-97在拟议的水化学中具有良好的氧化行为，突出了它对WCLL-BB剖面的适用性。

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来源期刊

npj Materials Degradation MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

7.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： npj Materials Degradation considers basic and applied research that explores all aspects of the degradation of metallic and non-metallic materials. The journal broadly defines ‘materials degradation’ as a reduction in the ability of a material to perform its task in-service as a result of environmental exposure. The journal covers a broad range of topics including but not limited to: -Degradation of metals, glasses, minerals, polymers, ceramics, cements and composites in natural and engineered environments, as a result of various stimuli -Computational and experimental studies of degradation mechanisms and kinetics -Characterization of degradation by traditional and emerging techniques -New approaches and technologies for enhancing resistance to degradation -Inspection and monitoring techniques for materials in-service, such as sensing technologies