NAD(H) and NADP(H) in plants and mammals.

IF 17.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Molecular Plant Pub Date : 2025-06-02 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1016/j.molp.2025.05.004
Danying Lu, Murray Grant, Boon Leong Lim
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are essential metabolic coenzymes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with their reduced forms, NAD(P)H, serving as electron donors for myriad reactions. NADH is mainly involved in catabolic reactions, whereas NADPH is mainly involved in anabolic and antioxidative reactions. The presence of endosymbiont-derived organelles in eukaryotes has made the functional division of NADH and NADPH systems more complex. Chloroplasts in photoautotrophic eukaryotes provide additional sources of reductants, complicating the maintenance of the redox balance of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H compared with heterotrophic eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss the two redox systems in plants and systematically compare them with those in mammals, including the similarities and differences in the biosynthesis and subcellular transport of NAD+, the biosynthesis of NADP+, and metabolic reactions for the reduction and oxidation of NAD(P)H. We also review the regulation of pyridine nucleotide pools and their ratios in different plant subcellular compartments and the effects of light on these ratios. We discuss the advantages of having both NADH and NADPH systems, highlight current gaps in our understanding of NAD(P)H metabolism, and propose research approaches that could fill in those gaps. The knowledge about NADH and NADPH systems could be used to guide bioengineering strategies to optimize redox-regulated processes and improve energy-use efficiency in crop plants.

植物和哺乳动物的NAD(H)和NADP(H)。
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP)是原核和真核细胞中必需的代谢辅酶,它们的还原形式NAD(P)H作为无数反应的电子供体。NADH主要参与分解代谢反应,而NADPH主要参与合成代谢和抗氧化反应。真核生物内共生源细胞器的存在使得NADH和NADPH系统的功能分裂更加复杂。与异养真核生物相比,光自养真核生物的叶绿体提供了额外的还原剂来源,使NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H氧化还原平衡的维持复杂化。本文综述了植物中两种氧化还原系统,并与哺乳动物进行了系统比较,包括NAD+的生物合成和亚细胞转运、NADP+的生物合成以及NAD(P)H的还原和氧化代谢反应的异同。我们还描述了吡啶核苷酸池及其在不同植物亚细胞区室中的比例的调节以及光对这些比例的影响。我们讨论了NADH和NADPH系统的优势,强调了目前我们对NAD(P)H代谢的理解的空白,并提出了可以填补这些空白的研究方法。这些知识可以用来指导生物工程策略,以优化氧化还原过程和提高作物的能源利用效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Molecular Plant
Molecular Plant 植物科学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
37.60
自引率
2.20%
发文量
1784
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Plant is dedicated to serving the plant science community by publishing novel and exciting findings with high significance in plant biology. The journal focuses broadly on cellular biology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, development, plant-microbe interaction, genomics, bioinformatics, and molecular evolution. Molecular Plant publishes original research articles, reviews, Correspondence, and Spotlights on the most important developments in plant biology.
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