Dietary Macronutrient Profiles of Free-Ranging European Brown Bears Differ Between Climate Regions.

IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Leen Verbist, Annelies De Cuyper, Guido Bosch, Andreas Zedrosser, Violette Coppens, Sarah Depauw
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Whether climate region affects macronutrient intake in species is unknown. Because of their wide variety of habitats with varying environmental conditions and local food availability, the free-ranging European brown bear was used as a model species to study the dietary macronutrient profile in relation to climate region (using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system), season and supplemental feeding of anthropogenic foods. Climates included were cold (regions in Norway, Sweden, Estonia and Slovakia), temperate (regions in Slovenia and Spain) and warm (regions in Croatia and Greece). Regardless of climate region, protein content was higher, and carbohydrate content was lower in spring and summer diets compared to autumn and winter diets. Diets in warm climate regions were marked by a high (digestible) carbohydrate content compared to cold climates and a low protein content compared to cold and temperate climates. A low protein to non-protein ratio, close to the optimum reported for brown bears (0.2 ME basis), was found in autumn in every climate type, and was present all year round in warm climates. At supplemented feeding sites, high (digestible) carbohydrate and low protein contents were observed compared to natural feeding sites. Supplementation also decreased seasonal variation in macronutrient composition. Fat content did not vary across seasons, climate type or with supplemental feeding. Fibre contents varied with season, climate type and supplemental feeding; however, differences were very small. Although seasonal fluctuations of macronutrients follow similar patterns across climate regions, macronutrient profiles differ between climate regions, corroborating that external conditions can influence macronutrient balance in species.

自由放养的欧洲棕熊的饮食常量营养素在不同气候区域的差异。
气候区域是否影响物种宏量营养素的摄入尚不清楚。由于其栖息地种类繁多,环境条件和当地食物供应也各不相同,因此以自由放养的欧洲棕熊为模型物种,研究了与气候区域(使用Köppen-Geiger气候分类系统)、季节和人为食物补充喂养有关的膳食宏量营养素特征。气候包括寒冷(挪威、瑞典、爱沙尼亚和斯洛伐克地区)、温带(斯洛文尼亚和西班牙地区)和温暖(克罗地亚和希腊地区)。无论气候区如何,春、夏季日粮的蛋白质含量均高于秋冬日粮,而碳水化合物含量则低于秋冬日粮。与寒冷气候地区相比,温暖气候地区的饮食具有较高的(可消化的)碳水化合物含量,与寒冷和温带气候地区相比,蛋白质含量较低。每种气候类型的秋季都发现了低蛋白质与非蛋白质的比例,接近于棕熊的最佳比例(0.2 ME基),并且在温暖气候类型中全年都存在。与自然饲喂区相比,补饲区碳水化合物(可消化)含量较高,蛋白质含量较低。补充还减少了常量营养素组成的季节性变化。脂肪含量不随季节、气候类型或添加饲料而变化。纤维含量随季节、气候类型和添加饲料的不同而不同;然而,差异非常小。尽管不同气候区域的宏量营养素的季节性波动模式相似,但不同气候区域的宏量营养素分布情况不同,这证实了外部条件可以影响物种的宏量营养素平衡。
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来源期刊
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
124
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: As an international forum for hypothesis-driven scientific research, the Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition publishes original papers in the fields of animal physiology, biochemistry and physiology of nutrition, animal nutrition, feed technology and preservation (only when related to animal nutrition). Well-conducted scientific work that meets the technical and ethical standards is considered only on the basis of scientific rigor. Research on farm and companion animals is preferred. Comparative work on exotic species is welcome too. Pharmacological or toxicological experiments with a direct reference to nutrition are also considered. Manuscripts on fish and other aquatic non-mammals with topics on growth or nutrition will not be accepted. Manuscripts may be rejected on the grounds that the subject is too specialized or that the contribution they make to animal physiology and nutrition is insufficient. In addition, reviews on topics of current interest within the scope of the journal are welcome. Authors are advised to send an outline to the Editorial Office for approval prior to submission.
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