Bashir Salim, Nouh S Mohamed, Kamal Ibrahim, Saeed Alasmari, Elisha Chatanga, Yuma Ohari, Nariaki Nonaka, Mohammad A Alsaad, Faisal Almathen, Ryo Nakao
{"title":"Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of <i>Fasciola gigantica</i> from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.","authors":"Bashir Salim, Nouh S Mohamed, Kamal Ibrahim, Saeed Alasmari, Elisha Chatanga, Yuma Ohari, Nariaki Nonaka, Mohammad A Alsaad, Faisal Almathen, Ryo Nakao","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of <i>Fasciola gigantica</i> isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mitochondrial genomes were sequenced using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology, yielding sequences of 14,483 bp, slightly longer than the reference genome (14,478 bp). A sliding window analysis was conducted to assess nucleotide diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using complete mitochondrial sequences, including and excluding non-coding regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key genetic variations were observed, including a non-canonical start codon (GTG) in the ND5 gene and an alternative stop codon (TAA) in ND4. Length polymorphisms in ND4L and <i>cox1</i> suggested potential mitochondrial efficiency adaptations. Non-coding regions showed minor length differences, with the long non-coding region extending by 20 bp and the short by 4 bp. Sliding window analysis identified ND4 and ND5 as the most variable genes, while <i>cox1</i>, <i>nd1,</i> <i>and</i> <i>cox2</i> were the most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering of Sudanese <i>F. gigantica</i> isolates with strong bootstrap support. Excluding the D-loop preserved phylogenetic structure, while D-loop-specific analysis revealed high variability, particularly in the sheep isolate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight significant genetic variation and evolutionary divergence among <i>F. gigantica</i> isolates in Sudan. The observed diversity, particularly within non-coding and variable coding regions, underscores the influence of regional evolutionary pressures and host-associated adaptations. This work enhances understanding of <i>F. gigantica</i>'s genetic landscape and supports the development of more targeted molecular surveillance and control strategies for fascioliasis in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1577469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078297/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Fasciola gigantica isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.
Methods: Mitochondrial genomes were sequenced using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology, yielding sequences of 14,483 bp, slightly longer than the reference genome (14,478 bp). A sliding window analysis was conducted to assess nucleotide diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using complete mitochondrial sequences, including and excluding non-coding regions.
Results: Key genetic variations were observed, including a non-canonical start codon (GTG) in the ND5 gene and an alternative stop codon (TAA) in ND4. Length polymorphisms in ND4L and cox1 suggested potential mitochondrial efficiency adaptations. Non-coding regions showed minor length differences, with the long non-coding region extending by 20 bp and the short by 4 bp. Sliding window analysis identified ND4 and ND5 as the most variable genes, while cox1, nd1,andcox2 were the most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering of Sudanese F. gigantica isolates with strong bootstrap support. Excluding the D-loop preserved phylogenetic structure, while D-loop-specific analysis revealed high variability, particularly in the sheep isolate.
Discussion: These findings highlight significant genetic variation and evolutionary divergence among F. gigantica isolates in Sudan. The observed diversity, particularly within non-coding and variable coding regions, underscores the influence of regional evolutionary pressures and host-associated adaptations. This work enhances understanding of F. gigantica's genetic landscape and supports the development of more targeted molecular surveillance and control strategies for fascioliasis in endemic regions.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy.
Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
