Barriers to providing movement disorders care in India.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Movement disorders (MD) represent a growing healthcare challenge in India, where a diverse population and limited resources complicate diagnosis and management. This review aims to identify and categorize the systemic, socio-economic, cultural, educational, and infrastructural barriers impeding timely and effective MD care, drawing on literature spanning rural and urban contexts.

Recent findings: Recent studies show low awareness of MD treatments - such as deep brain stimulation and botulinum toxin therapy - among both patients and clinicians. Socio-economic disparities, particularly in rural areas, combine with limited specialist availability and fragmented referral systems exacerbate care gaps. Meanwhile, gender biases, stigma, and reliance on alternative medicine further delay appropriate interventions. India's partial insurance coverage and insufficient policy frameworks constrain long-term management, although select government initiatives and community-level strategies offer promise. Technological approaches, including telemedicine, show potential for expanding care access.

Summary of findings: Multiple interwoven factors hinder optimal MD care in India, diminishing patient outcomes and quality of life. Targeted educational campaigns, enhanced specialist training, improved insurance coverage, and robust policy guidance are crucial. By addressing these issues in a coordinated manner, India can significantly improve the delivery and effectiveness of MD care across its diverse regions.