Liquid‒liquid phase separation and poly(ADP‒ribosyl)ation in the context of ultraviolet radiation-induced stress in mammalian cells.

IF 4.9 Q1 BIOPHYSICS

Biophysical reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1007/s12551-025-01294-x

Daniela Mejías, Valentina Seballos, Laura Lafon-Hughes

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Poly(ADP‒ribose) polymerases (PARPs) consume NAD⁺ to synthesize poly(ADP‒ribose) (PAR) primarily via post-translational modification. PAR is degraded mainly by poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). PAR can be linear or branched and can have up to 200 monomers. With two phosphates per monomer, PAR is highly negatively charged. PAR can be recognized by specific protein domains and has been described as a "glue" or scaffold for the assembly of multiprotein complexes. PAR is involved in several diverse cellular structures and functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, chromatin structure and imprinting regulation, mitotic spindle assembly, cell‒cell junctions, cytoplasmic granule formation, biomineralization and the formation of pathological aggregates. Here, we review the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on mammalian cells, emphasizing the participation of PAR metabolism in the novel paradigm of liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS). Further studies demand interdisciplinary approaches, undoubtedly requiring contributions from biophysicists.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-025-01294-x.

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哺乳动物细胞在紫外线诱导应激下的液-液相分离和聚（adp -核糖基）化。

聚（adp -核糖）聚合酶（PARPs）主要通过翻译后修饰来消耗NAD+合成聚（adp -核糖）（PAR）。PAR主要由聚（adp -核糖）糖水解酶（PARG）降解。PAR可以是线性的，也可以是支链的，最多可以有200个单体。由于每个单体有两个磷酸，PAR带高度负电荷。PAR可以被特定的蛋白质结构域识别，并被描述为多蛋白质复合物组装的“胶水”或支架。PAR参与多种不同的细胞结构和功能，包括DNA复制、转录、DNA修复、染色质结构和印迹调节、有丝分裂纺锤体组装、细胞-细胞连接、细胞质颗粒形成、生物矿化和病理聚集体的形成。在这里，我们回顾了紫外线辐射（UVR）对哺乳动物细胞的影响，强调了PAR代谢在液-液相分离（LLPS）新范式中的参与。进一步的研究需要跨学科的方法，无疑需要生物物理学家的贡献。补充信息：在线版本包含补充资料，提供地址为10.1007/s12551-025-01294-x。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biophysical reviews Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biophysics

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biophysical Reviews aims to publish critical and timely reviews from key figures in the field of biophysics. The bulk of the reviews that are currently published are from invited authors, but the journal is also open for non-solicited reviews. Interested authors are encouraged to discuss the possibility of contributing a review with the Editor-in-Chief prior to submission. Through publishing reviews on biophysics, the editors of the journal hope to illustrate the great power and potential of physical techniques in the biological sciences, they aim to stimulate the discussion and promote further research and would like to educate and enthuse basic researcher scientists and students of biophysics. Biophysical Reviews covers the entire field of biophysics, generally defined as the science of describing and defining biological phenomenon using the concepts and the techniques of physics. This includes but is not limited by such areas as: - Bioinformatics - Biophysical methods and instrumentation - Medical biophysics - Biosystems - Cell biophysics and organization - Macromolecules: dynamics, structures and interactions - Single molecule biophysics - Membrane biophysics, channels and transportation