Occurrence of microplastics in bottled water from Croatia: a Raman spectroscopy approach.

IF 5.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ana Medić, Heidelore Fiedler, TamilSelvi Selvam, Vlasta Mohaček Grošev, Sandy Lovković, Lara Mikac, Mile Ivanda
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in bottled water is still largely unexplored in Croatia. This study fills this gap by analysing six water brands available on the Croatian market, all bottled in either virgin or recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In order to analyse microplastics down to a size of 1 µm, the water from the purchased bottles was filtered with silicon filters with a pore size of 1 µm and then micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed. A significant reduction in analysis time was achieved by using a randomly selected filter area of 12.05 mm2 instead of the conventional 100 mm2. The results showed that polyethylene (PE), PET, and polyamide (PA) were found in all six brands and the blank. The highest detection frequency was found for PE (N = 19), followed by PET (N = 17) and PA (N = 14). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was found only in one brand, but in all three subsamples, packaged in recycled PET. By far the highest detection frequency of MPs occurred in the smallest fraction at a length < 5 µm. The highest number of MPs was for PET with 45% of the total amount, followed by PE (37%). Although MPs were identified in the blank water sample, the number was 12% of the total. Interestingly, the bottled water in virgin PET containers had more MPs than that in recycled PET. It should be noted that the purification system used to produce ultrapure water produced MPs, which poses an additional analytical challenge. The results should be considered as a snapshot and further monitoring is necessary to assess the extent of MP contamination of drinking water and to characterise the types of polymers and sources of the MPs. The current findings raise concerns about the presence of MPs in bottled water and warrant a thorough risk assessment to evaluate potential long-term health effects on humans.

克罗地亚瓶装水中微塑料的出现:拉曼光谱方法。
在克罗地亚,瓶装水中微塑料(MPs)的存在在很大程度上仍未被探索。这项研究通过分析克罗地亚市场上的六个水品牌填补了这一空白,这些水品牌都是用未加工或回收的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)瓶装的。为了分析小至1µm的微塑料,从购买的瓶子中提取的水用孔径为1µm的硅过滤器过滤,然后进行微拉曼光谱分析。通过使用随机选择的12.05 mm2的过滤面积而不是传统的100 mm2,可以显著减少分析时间。结果表明,在所有六个品牌和空白中都发现了聚乙烯(PE), PET和聚酰胺(PA)。PE检出率最高(N = 19), PET次之(N = 17), PA次之(N = 14)。聚氯乙烯(PVC)仅在一个品牌中被发现,但在所有三个子样本中,包装在回收PET中。到目前为止,MPs的最高检测频率发生在长度最小的部分
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.20%
发文量
6549
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.
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