Effect of Physical Activity and Dietary Changes on Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case–Control Study in Bangladesh

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1002/edm2.70051

Hasan Mahmud Hadi, Md. Monir Hossain Shimul, Md. Sakhawath Hossain, Afroza Sultana, Md. Kamrul Hossain, Salamat Khandker, Salim Khan

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Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health issue in Bangladesh, projected to affect 13.7 million individuals by 2045. Physical inactivity and poor dietary habits increase the risk of complications. This study examined the effects of physical activity and lifestyle modifications on T2DM management.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted at Manikganj District Diabetic Hospital with 334 T2DM patients (aged 45–60 years). The case group (n = 167) followed structured physical activity and dietary modifications, while the control group (n = 167) did not. Data on socio-demographics, lifestyle and glycaemic markers—fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and HbA1c—were collected at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression models assessed associations between lifestyle factors and glycaemic outcomes.

Results

The control group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels, associated with gender (p < 0.001), treatment type (p = 0.004), medical adherence (p = 0.009), food habits (p = 0.007) and BMI (p = 0.005). The case group showed a significant FPG reduction from 10.035 mmol/L to 6.261 mmol/L (p < 0.001), with similar trends for PPG and HbA1c. Males had 1.8 times higher odds of elevated FPG, while poor adherence increased this risk 2.5-fold.

Conclusions

Lifestyle modifications significantly improve glycaemic control in T2DM patients. Strengthening adherence to medical advice and integrating structured interventions into routine care could enhance diabetes management in Bangladesh.

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运动和饮食改变对2型糖尿病患者管理的影响：孟加拉国的一项病例对照研究

背景2型糖尿病（T2DM）在孟加拉国是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，预计到2045年将影响1370万人。缺乏运动和不良的饮食习惯会增加并发症的风险。本研究考察了身体活动和生活方式改变对T2DM管理的影响。方法对Manikganj区糖尿病医院334例T2DM患者（年龄45 ~ 60岁）进行病例对照研究。病例组（n = 167）遵循有组织的体育活动和饮食调整，而对照组（n = 167）则没有。在基线、3个月和6个月时收集社会人口统计学数据、生活方式和血糖指标——空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后血糖（PPG）和hba1c。卡方检验和有序逻辑回归模型评估了生活方式因素与血糖结局之间的关系。结果对照组患者血糖水平明显升高，与性别（p < 0.001）、治疗方式（p = 0.004）、依从性（p = 0.009）、饮食习惯（p = 0.007）、BMI （p = 0.005）相关。病例组显示FPG从10.035 mmol/L显著降低到6.261 mmol/L (p < 0.001)， PPG和HbA1c的趋势相似。男性的FPG升高的几率是男性的1.8倍，而依从性差的风险增加了2.5倍。结论生活方式改变可显著改善T2DM患者的血糖控制。加强对医疗建议的遵守并将有组织的干预措施纳入日常护理可以加强孟加拉国的糖尿病管理。

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