Bi-directional tangent hyperbolic MHD hybrid nanofluid flow over an expanding surface with Darcy dissipation connecting to velocity slip and convective boundary condition

Abstract

The exploration of non-Newtonian fluids poses significant challenges in recent advancements in area of fluid flow phenomena such as tangent hyperbolic nanofluids, which have enhanced energy transportation in various industrial applications. These include cooling systems, biomedical devices, and energy storage. The current work focuses on the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid comprised of magnesium oxide (MgO) and zirconium oxide (ZnO) in the base fluid water over a bi-directional expanding surface. The flow along porous medium urges to introduce the impact of Darcy dissipation in the energy equation, and the implementation of velocity slip and convective boundary constraints energies the study. The formulated mathematical model clubbed with governing partial differential equations that describes the flow properties with specified conditions are transformed by utilizing suitable similarity functions. Further, shooting-based traditional numerical technique generally known as Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. The impact of several characterizing factors involved in the flow phenomena are presented graphically following the validation with earlier studies. In a significant contribution, the results reveal that the existence of magnetism and Darcy dissipation significantly influences the flow and thermal characteristic of the fluid. Thermal radiation acts as an influential factor for the smooth enhancement in the heat transfer, making it crucial in regulating fluid temperature.