Contributions of rock structure and terrain to rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast: insights from 3D CFD-DEM analyses

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI:10.1007/s10064-025-04301-3

Zhiyuan Zhu, Yihan Wu, Yuzhang Bi, Lu Zheng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Evidence of rockslide-induced air blasts has been documented in numerous investigation records, showing similar terrain features. Terrains and rock structures combine to influence rock runout, yet their effects on the generation and propagation of air blasts remain poorly understood. We proposed a generalized model to account for the influence of rock structure and terrain. The generation and propagation of air blasts under different conditions are quantitatively analyzed using the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that (1) The precondition for inducing air blasts is that rockslides maintain high runout speed with large front-cross sections, impacting mountains and causing significant fragmentations. (2) Representing the source rock mass as unbonded particles underestimates the influence range of air blasts; Structural planes parallel to the sliding surface enhance rockslide spreading and facilitate the further propagation of air blasts. (3) Steep slopes and scarps significantly increase the energy released during rock impact, leading to a peak air blast pressure increase of 603.3% and 79.8%, respectively, compared to gentle slopes. Winding and narrow valley terrain restricts the escape of air, making it easier for high-speed air blasts to form.

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岩石结构和地形对岩石滑坡/落石引起的空气爆炸的贡献：来自3D CFD-DEM分析的见解

岩石滑坡引起的空气爆炸的证据在许多调查记录中都有记载，显示出类似的地形特征。地形和岩石结构共同影响岩石跳动，但它们对空气爆炸的产生和传播的影响仍然知之甚少。我们提出了一个考虑岩石结构和地形影响的广义模型。采用离散元法（DEM）和计算流体力学（CFD）对不同条件下空气爆炸的产生和传播进行了定量分析。结果表明：(1)诱发风爆的前提条件是滑坡保持高跳动速度，前断面大，冲击山体，造成较大的破碎；(2)将烃源岩体表示为未结合颗粒低估了空气爆炸的影响范围；与滑面平行的结构面增强了岩崩的扩散，有利于风爆的进一步传播。(3)陡坡和陡坡显著增加了岩石冲击释放的能量，峰值空气冲击压力比缓坡分别增加了603.3%和79.8%。蜿蜒狭窄的山谷地形限制了空气的逸出，更容易形成高速空气爆炸。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.90%

发文量

445

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces: • the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.