Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566986

Dan W. Pflug;Chloe Armstrong;Erin Raftery;Nusrat Jahan;William North;Luke Graham;Jim Tatum;Kent D. Choquette

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Abstract

We report on 940 nm dual-cavity photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays fabricated at a commercial foundry. These arrays leverage an anti-guided design enabled by reduced electrical resistance between optically coupled cavities. Characterization of output power and far-field beam profiles reveals distinct in-phase and out-of-phase supermode operation across expanded regions of coherent operation. A maximum output power in either supermode exceeding 4 mW under continuous wave operation is achieved. An iterative analysis of the cross-talk currents highlights their role in stabilizing supermode operation by enabling inter-cavity current coupling. Our results demonstrate that these arrays provide robust and stable coherent supermode lasing using a wide range of current combinations. The ability to selectively operate in either distinct supermode, combining the output from two elements, positions these VCSEL arrays as promising candidates for high-brightness applications requiring efficient beam control.

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弱反制导双腔光子晶体VCSEL阵列超模稳定性的增强

报道了一种940nm双腔光子晶体垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）阵列的制备方法。这些阵列利用了一种反制导设计，通过减少光耦合腔之间的电阻来实现。输出功率和远场光束轮廓的特征揭示了在相干操作的扩展区域中不同的同相和非同相超模操作。在连续波操作下，任一超模式的最大输出功率均超过4 mW。串扰电流的迭代分析强调了它们通过实现腔间电流耦合在稳定超模工作中的作用。我们的结果表明，这些阵列提供了鲁棒和稳定的相干超模激光使用大范围的电流组合。能够选择性地在不同的超模式下工作，结合两个元素的输出，使这些VCSEL阵列成为需要高效光束控制的高亮度应用的有希望的候选者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Photonics Journal ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC-OPTICS

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

8.30%

发文量

489

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Breakthroughs in the generation of light and in its control and utilization have given rise to the field of Photonics, a rapidly expanding area of science and technology with major technological and economic impact. Photonics integrates quantum electronics and optics to accelerate progress in the generation of novel photon sources and in their utilization in emerging applications at the micro and nano scales spanning from the far-infrared/THz to the x-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. IEEE Photonics Journal is an online-only journal dedicated to the rapid disclosure of top-quality peer-reviewed research at the forefront of all areas of photonics. Contributions addressing issues ranging from fundamental understanding to emerging technologies and applications are within the scope of the Journal. The Journal includes topics in: Photon sources from far infrared to X-rays, Photonics materials and engineered photonic structures, Integrated optics and optoelectronic, Ultrafast, attosecond, high field and short wavelength photonics, Biophotonics, including DNA photonics, Nanophotonics, Magnetophotonics, Fundamentals of light propagation and interaction; nonlinear effects, Optical data storage, Fiber optics and optical communications devices, systems, and technologies, Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (MOEMS), Microwave photonics, Optical Sensors.