Exceptional synergistic photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of graphene oxide decorated with nicotinamide zinc phthalocyanine potentiated by potassium iodide

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112452

Gul Rukh , Azeem Ullah , Naveed Akhtar , Saira Yasmeen , Amir Zada , Perveen Fazil , Javed Ali Khan , Ola A. Abu Ali , Samy F. Mahmoud , Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah , Muhammad Ateeq , Muhammad Raza Shah , Shohreh Azizi

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Abstract

In this work, we synthesized nanoconjugates from nicotinamide-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (NAM-ZnPc) by loading it onto graphene oxide to obtain NAM-ZnPc-GO. The efficiency of the nanoconjugate was screened for photodynamic effect against different bacterial species including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (S. aureus and E. coli). Our finding reveals that the NAM-ZnPc-GO nanoconjugate exceptionally photo-inactivated S. aureus with 3-log reduction compared to NAM-ZnPc alone under 5 min red light irradiation with a light dose of 22.5 J/cm². However, the nanoconjugate produced no significant photo-inactivation effect against E. coli strains under the same experimental conditions. The dark toxicity indicated no cytotoxic effect against both bacterial strains. Further, to find an efficient photodynamic effect, we combined 50 mM KI with NAM-ZnPc-GO and achieved substantial photoinactivation effect with a 5.5 log reduction in S. aureus under the same light dose. Interestingly, when E. coli was treated with the same nanoconjugate in combination with both KI, a significant photodynamic effect with 5.5 log reduction was noted from red light. Current study demonstrates that the photodynamic efficacy of NAM-ZnPc is exceptionally enhanced by conjugating with GO and potentiated by KI.

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碘化钾增强的烟酰胺酞菁锌修饰氧化石墨烯的特殊协同光动力抗菌化疗

在这项工作中，我们将烟酰胺取代的酞菁锌（NAM-ZnPc）加载到氧化石墨烯上，合成了纳米缀合物，得到了NAM-ZnPc- go。研究了纳米缀合物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌株（金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌）的光动力效应。我们的研究结果表明，在22.5 J/cm2的红光照射5分钟下，与单独的NAM-ZnPc相比，纳米缀合物的光灭活金黄色葡萄球菌的数量减少了3倍。然而，在相同的实验条件下，纳米偶联物对大肠杆菌菌株的光灭活效果不显著。暗毒对两种菌株均无细胞毒作用。此外，为了寻找有效的光动力学效应，我们将50 mM KI与NAM-ZnPc-GO结合使用，在相同的光剂量下，金黄色葡萄球菌的光失活效果显著，减少了5.5 log。有趣的是，当大肠杆菌与两种KI结合使用相同的纳米偶联物时，红光下的光动力学效应显著降低了5.5对数。目前的研究表明，NAM-ZnPc通过与氧化石墨烯的偶联和KI的增强可以显著增强其光动力效应。

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.