Barriers and opportunities for Demand Response Aggregation in Ukraine and Norway: A Delphi-based study

Abstract

The transition to flexible, sustainable energy systems is essential for meeting global climate goals. Demand Response Aggregation (DRA) enhances grid stability, enables renewable integration, and improves market efficiency. However, expert-driven analysis on DRA readiness, especially in emerging markets, remains limited. This study presents the first comparative expert assessment of DRA readiness in Ukraine — an emerging market — and Norway — an advanced model — providing actionable insights for policymakers. It addresses a critical research gap through a Delphi-based analysis, highlighting context-specific pathways for energy transition. Using two rounds of questionnaires, 28 experts assessed infrastructural, regulatory, financial, and consumer-related factors influencing DRA. Findings show both countries view demand-side flexibility and enabling technologies as key to grid modernization. Norwegian respondents collect consumer feedback through multiple channels, while Ukrainian utilities rely mainly on hotlines, with limited digital tools. In both contexts, consumers struggle with pricing structures and seek greater transparency. For policy support, 67% of Norwegian and 44% of Ukrainian experts recommend incentives for renewable integration and streamlined approval processes. Norway’s challenges include consumer independence, regulatory clarity, and tariff transparency. Ukraine faces broader barriers, including infrastructure gaps, low engagement, affordability, and financial constraints. Both emphasize the importance of prosumer development. These insights can guide targeted DRA strategies globally.