Bioinspired Janus interlocked MXene/perovskite-PDMS composites for integrated thermal visualization, rapid-heat dissipation, and proactive fire safety in high-power electronics

Abstract

The development of polymer-based composites that integrate high thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, and intelligent sensing capabilities is critical for advancing thermal management in modern electronics. Inspired by natural hierarchical architectures, this study introduces a Janus interlocked-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite, synergizing MXene nanosheets and thermochromic perovskite (MAPb_xBr_y) for multifunctional performance. A 3D snowflake-patterned PDMS skeleton is designed to host an interconnected MXene network, achieving exceptional thermal conductivity (1.32 k/W·m, 680 % enhancement over pure PDMS) and flame retardancy (33 % reduction in peak heat release rate, 90.3 % residue retention). Simultaneously, the perovskite overlayer enables real-time temperature visualization through reversible color transitions (yellow → red → black) within 15 s, triggered by phase transformations at critical thresholds (60–120 °C). The Janus architecture spatially decouples functional units while ensuring synergistic interactions, offering dual protection against thermal hazards: rapid heat dissipation via MXene pathways and proactive fire warning via thermochromic responses. Demonstrated in battery thermal management, the composite reduces surface temperatures by 19.1 °C under high discharge rates (6.16C), highlighting its potential for safeguarding miniaturized and high-power electronic systems. This work pioneers a multifunctional material platform that synergizes “sense-conduct-protect” mechanisms, providing a transformative solution for next-generation electronics and energy storage systems.