Investigation on machinability and sustainability aspects during hard turning under GO nanofluid MQL environment for precision and cleaner manufacturing

Abstract

The current study involves the analysis of machinability and sustainability metrics during hard turning through Taguchi L₂₇ OA design of experiment under GO nano-cutting fluid MQL environment by low cost CVD coated carbide tools. This study examines machinability and sustainability factors, including flank wear, surface integrity, cutting temperature, power consumption, carbon emissions, and noise emissions, during hard machining operations. GO nano-cutting fluid provides superior cooling and lubrication facility at the cutting zone, resulting in lowest cutting temperatures of 55.2 °C and cutting noise levels of 69.3 dB throughout the investigation. At a parametric combination of d (0.1 mm), f (0.05 mm), and v (200 m/min), the lowest surface roughness was detected, exhibiting minimal surface defects with high precision as the lowest circularity and cylindricity error obtained at this run. Feed (57.30 %) and depth of cut (49.51 %) significantly affect carbon emissions and noise emissions, respectively. Cutting speed is the primary factor influencing flank wear and temperature, with a contribution rate of 61.69 % and 47.50 %, respectively. Feed greatly influences surface roughness with a contribution rate of 44.95 %, whereas depth of cut predominantly affects cutting power with a contribution rate of 51.92 %. The multi-response optimization implementing WASPAS, followed by the entropy method, yields an optimal parametric combination of d (0.1 mm), f (0.05 mm), and v (80 m/min) within the examined range for the most favorable solution considering both machinability and sustainability.