A review of enhancing the productivity of water desalination systems using spray evaporation

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105332

Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Ali Alshammari , Deyaa M.N. Mahmood , Salim H. Jassam , Oday Z. Jasim , Atef Chibani , Hayder I. Mohammed , Issa Omle

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Abstract

This review systematically evaluates spray evaporation technology to evaluate solar desalination systems, addressing its growing importance in sustainable freshwater production. Through comprehensive analysis of recent advancements, spray evaporation is demonstrated to significantly improve the desalination efficiency while overcoming key limitations of conventional solar stills. The findings reveal that Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) systems integrated with spray evaporation can achieve 99.86 % of spray evaporation efficiency - a remarkable improvement over the original model of spray evaporation tank (82.2 %) - by optimising heat and mass transfer through droplet atomization. The review identifies critical performance factors including nozzle design (optimal 0.5 mm diameter at 9 bar pressure), seawater temperature, and flow rate control, which collectively enhance evaporation rates while reducing energy consumption by up to 18.3 %. Notably, innovations like micro-encapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) can boost daily productivity by 23.1 % with stabilizing thermal output, besides improving the multi-nozzle efficiency by 28 %. However, the analysis ascertains persistent challenges in salt clogging prevention, long-term material durability, and scalability economics that require urgent research attention. The review then provides practical insights for implementing spray-assisted systems in both small-scale applications (using intermittent sprays) and industrial plants (MED configurations). Future research should focus on hybrid systems combining spray evaporation with membrane technologies, standardized durability testing protocols, and cost optimisation for developing regions. More importantly, it has been clarified that spray evaporation as a transformative approach for solar desalination, offering a clear pathway to address global water scarcity through enhanced efficiency, renewable energy integration, and adaptable system designs.

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喷雾蒸发提高海水淡化系统生产效率的研究进展

本文系统地评估了喷雾蒸发技术，以评估太阳能脱盐系统，解决其在可持续淡水生产中日益重要的问题。通过对最近进展的综合分析，证明了喷雾蒸发在克服传统太阳能蒸馏器的关键局限性的同时显着提高了脱盐效率。结果表明，通过优化液滴雾化传热传质，与喷雾蒸发集成的多效蒸馏（MED）系统可以实现99.86%的喷雾蒸发效率，比原始模型的喷雾蒸发罐（82.2%）有显著提高。该评估确定了关键性能因素，包括喷嘴设计（在9 bar压力下最理想的0.5 mm直径）、海水温度和流量控制，这些因素共同提高了蒸发速率，同时降低了高达18.3%的能耗。值得注意的是，微封装相变材料（MPCM）等创新技术可以在稳定热输出的同时将日生产率提高23.1%，此外还可以将多喷嘴效率提高28%。然而，分析表明，在防止盐堵塞、材料长期耐用性和可扩展性经济方面存在持续挑战，需要迫切关注。然后，该综述为在小规模应用（使用间歇喷雾）和工业工厂（MED配置）中实施喷雾辅助系统提供了实际见解。未来的研究应该集中在结合喷雾蒸发和膜技术的混合系统，标准化的耐久性测试协议，以及发展中地区的成本优化。更重要的是，已经明确了喷雾蒸发作为太阳能脱盐的一种变革性方法，通过提高效率、可再生能源整合和适应性系统设计，为解决全球水资源短缺问题提供了一条明确的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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