A rapid, reusable, and portable electrochemical assay for caffeine monitoring in beverage samples based on boron doped diamond and multi walled carbon nanotubes

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112450

Jelena Ostojić , Sladjana Savić , Dragan Manojlović , Radovan Metelka , Vesna Stanković , Dalibor Stanković

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Despite potential health risks at high doses, caffeine remains the most widely consumed psychoactive drug globally, naturally occurring in more than 60 plants. Accurate determination of caffeine content is crucial to ensure the safety of consumers of caffeine-containing beverages. This work explores two different electrochemical sensors for caffeine determination: screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT SPEs) and screen-printed sensors with boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition (BDD SPEs). These sensors offer advantages over traditional methods, potentially providing faster and more portable analysis. Two linear ranges for caffeine determination were observed at BDD SPEs in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. A lower linear range between 20 μM and 80 μM resulted in a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.40 μM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10.30 μM, while a higher linear range between 100 μM to 500 μM provided the LOD of 9.72 μM and the LOQ of 29.45 μM of caffeine. MWCNT SPEs showed the optimal analytical parameters in the Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 2 with a broader linear range from 33 μM to 500 μM; the LOD was 8.65 μM, and the LOQ was 26.20 μM. The determination of caffeine content was successfully conducted in real dietary samples using both sensors, with validation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric analysis.

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基于硼掺杂金刚石和多壁碳纳米管的饮料样品中咖啡因监测的快速、可重复使用和便携式电化学分析

尽管高剂量咖啡因有潜在的健康风险，但它仍然是全球消费最广泛的精神药物，自然存在于60多种植物中。准确测定咖啡因含量对确保消费者饮用含咖啡因饮料的安全至关重要。本研究探索了两种不同的用于咖啡因测定的电化学传感器：用多壁碳纳米管修饰的丝网印刷碳电极（MWCNT spe）和用化学气相沉积（BDD spe）制备的掺硼金刚石电极的丝网印刷传感器。与传统方法相比，这些传感器具有优势，有可能提供更快、更便携的分析。在0.5 M H2SO4中，BDD - SPEs对咖啡因的测定有两个线性范围。在20 ~ 80 μM的较低线性范围内，检测限为3.40 μM，定量限为10.30 μM；在100 ~ 500 μM的较高线性范围内，咖啡因的检测限为9.72 μM，定量限为29.45 μM。在pH为2的briton - robinson缓冲液中，MWCNT SPEs的最佳分析参数为33 ~ 500 μM，线性范围较宽；LOD为8.65 μM， LOQ为26.20 μM。应用这两种传感器成功地测定了实际膳食样品中的咖啡因含量，并通过高效液相色谱法和分光光度法进行了验证。

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.