Network of nicotinamide mononucleotide biosynthesis: substrate tracking, rate-limiting enzyme, and regulatory strategy

IF 4.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Puyue Zhang , Ziru Ye , Zhong Tian , Qing Liu , Yong Huang
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Abstract

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide of significant biological importance, found abundantly in various foods such as meat, fruits, and vegetables. Recently, its potential effects in delaying aging have attracted considerable attention. Although chemical synthesis methods are commonly employed, they do not align with green production standards. In contrast, the biosynthesis of NMN is both safer and more environmentally sustainable. In this review, we established a novel “substrate-pathway-enzymology” framework to analyze the research on NMN biosynthesis. First, we systematically trace four substrates (nicotinamide ribose, nicotinamide, niacin, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and their respective metabolic routes. Then, we thoroughly investigate key enzymes through structural biology and protein engineering approaches, and converge the fragmented research findings across pathways to construct a comprehensive NMN biosynthesis network, revealing intricate metabolic regulations and pathway interactions. Through comparative analysis, the most promising biosynthetic pathway and prospects are discussed. Additionally, this review also provides original perspectives for NMN industrial development.

Abstract Image

烟酰胺单核苷酸生物合成网络:底物跟踪、限速酶和调控策略
烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)是一种具有重要生物学意义的核苷酸,大量存在于肉类、水果和蔬菜等各种食物中。最近,它在延缓衰老方面的潜在作用引起了相当大的关注。虽然通常采用化学合成方法,但它们不符合绿色生产标准。相比之下,生物合成NMN既安全又更具环境可持续性。在本文中,我们建立了一个新的“底物-途径-酶学”框架来分析NMN的生物合成研究。首先,我们系统地追踪了四种底物(烟酰胺核糖、烟酰胺、烟酸和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)及其各自的代谢途径。然后,我们通过结构生物学和蛋白质工程的方法深入研究关键酶,并将碎片化的研究成果跨途径整合,构建一个全面的NMN生物合成网络,揭示复杂的代谢调控和途径相互作用。通过比较分析,讨论了最有前途的生物合成途径和前景。此外,本文还为NMN产业发展提供了独到的视角。
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来源期刊
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
90
审稿时长
67 days
期刊介绍: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology aims to promote the communication of original research in synthetic and systems biology, with strong emphasis on applications towards biotechnology. This journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal led by Editor-in-Chief Lixin Zhang. The journal publishes high-quality research; focusing on integrative approaches to enable the understanding and design of biological systems, and research to develop the application of systems and synthetic biology to natural systems. This journal will publish Articles, Short notes, Methods, Mini Reviews, Commentary and Conference reviews.
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