Association of urinary pesticide metabolites and iodine with thyroid volume in school-aged children

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126469

Fuhai Zhong , Conghui Xu , Fenfang Deng , Juntao Li , Yuehong Wei , Pengzhe Qin , Rongfei Peng , Lei Tan

{"title":"Association of urinary pesticide metabolites and iodine with thyroid volume in school-aged children","authors":"Fuhai Zhong , Conghui Xu , Fenfang Deng , Juntao Li , Yuehong Wei , Pengzhe Qin , Rongfei Peng , Lei Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126469","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring thyroid volume in children allows for non-invasive, intuitive, and rapid assessment of potential thyroid disorders, facilitating early detection in large-scale screenings without blood draws. In this study, we investigated associations between urinary pesticide metabolites (organophosphate, pyrethroid, and phenoxy carboxylic acid), urinary iodine, and thyroid volume in children aged 8–11 years across Guangzhou districts, China. We compared the spatial distribution of urinary pesticide metabolites among districts and assessed health risks using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation. We evaluated associations between thyroid volume and multiple factors: urinary iodine, demographic variables, anthropometric measures, environmental factors, and urinary creatinine. The associations between pesticide metabolites and thyroid volume were assessed using multivariable linear regression, trend tests, and restricted cubic splines. The joint effects of multiple pesticide metabolites on thyroid volume were evaluated by the Bayesian kernel machine regression. The role of urinary iodine was explored through mediation and moderation analyses. The result revealed that 0.89 % of children had risk levels of parathion exposure. Thyroid volume showed positive correlations with age and body surface area but negative correlation with urinary iodine. Two pyrethroid metabolites, <em>cis</em>-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (<em>cis</em>-DCCA) and <em>trans</em>-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (<em>trans</em>-DCCA), demonstrated negative associations with thyroid volume after covariate adjustment. While thyroid volume decreased with higher pesticide metabolite concentrations, this joint effect was not statistically significant. The associations between thyroid volume and <em>cis</em>-DCCA and <em>trans</em>-DCCA were fully mediated by urinary iodine, but the metabolites' effects on thyroid volume remained consistent across different urinary iodine concentrations. The results indicated that pesticide exposure may influence thyroid volume through an iodine-mediated pathway and highlighted the importance of iodine status in thyroid health assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126469"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749125008425","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Monitoring thyroid volume in children allows for non-invasive, intuitive, and rapid assessment of potential thyroid disorders, facilitating early detection in large-scale screenings without blood draws. In this study, we investigated associations between urinary pesticide metabolites (organophosphate, pyrethroid, and phenoxy carboxylic acid), urinary iodine, and thyroid volume in children aged 8–11 years across Guangzhou districts, China. We compared the spatial distribution of urinary pesticide metabolites among districts and assessed health risks using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation. We evaluated associations between thyroid volume and multiple factors: urinary iodine, demographic variables, anthropometric measures, environmental factors, and urinary creatinine. The associations between pesticide metabolites and thyroid volume were assessed using multivariable linear regression, trend tests, and restricted cubic splines. The joint effects of multiple pesticide metabolites on thyroid volume were evaluated by the Bayesian kernel machine regression. The role of urinary iodine was explored through mediation and moderation analyses. The result revealed that 0.89 % of children had risk levels of parathion exposure. Thyroid volume showed positive correlations with age and body surface area but negative correlation with urinary iodine. Two pyrethroid metabolites, cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA) and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), demonstrated negative associations with thyroid volume after covariate adjustment. While thyroid volume decreased with higher pesticide metabolite concentrations, this joint effect was not statistically significant. The associations between thyroid volume and cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA were fully mediated by urinary iodine, but the metabolites' effects on thyroid volume remained consistent across different urinary iodine concentrations. The results indicated that pesticide exposure may influence thyroid volume through an iodine-mediated pathway and highlighted the importance of iodine status in thyroid health assessment.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

学龄儿童尿农药代谢物和碘与甲状腺体积的关系

监测儿童甲状腺容量可以对潜在的甲状腺疾病进行无创、直观和快速的评估，促进在不抽血的情况下进行大规模筛查的早期发现。在这项研究中，我们调查了中国广州地区8-11岁儿童尿液农药代谢物（有机磷、拟除虫菊酯和苯氧羧酸）、尿碘和甲状腺体积之间的关系。我们比较了不同地区尿液农药代谢物的空间分布，并使用概率蒙特卡罗模拟评估了健康风险。我们评估了甲状腺体积与多种因素之间的关系：尿碘、人口统计学变量、人体测量测量、环境因素和尿肌酐。使用多变量线性回归、趋势检验和受限三次样条评估农药代谢物与甲状腺体积之间的关系。采用贝叶斯核机回归评价多种农药代谢物对甲状腺体积的联合影响。通过中介和调节分析探讨尿碘的作用。结果显示，0.89%的儿童存在对硫磷暴露的危险水平。甲状腺体积与年龄、体表面积呈正相关，与尿碘呈负相关。协变量调整后，两种拟除虫菊酯代谢物顺式-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸（顺式- dcca）和反式-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸（反式dcca）与甲状腺体积呈负相关。虽然甲状腺体积随着农药代谢物浓度的升高而减小，但这种联合效应没有统计学意义。甲状腺体积与顺式dcca和反式dcca之间的关系完全由尿碘介导，但代谢物对甲状腺体积的影响在不同尿碘浓度下保持一致。结果表明，农药暴露可能通过碘介导的途径影响甲状腺体积，并强调了碘状态在甲状腺健康评估中的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.