A thermoresponsive bioadhesive MXene hydrogel for intelligent brain-machine interaction sensing

Abstract

Flexible wearable bioelectronics based on conducting hydrogels are attracting tremendous research interest for their conformal combination with biological tissues, demonstrating extensive potential in personal healthcare sensing, medical diagnostic monitoring, and intelligent human-machine interfacing. However, it is still a great challenge to develop a bioelectronic sensor with robust thermoresponsive bioadhesiveness to achieve long-term stable and non-invasive human activity monitoring with high fidelity and sensitivity. Herein, a thermoresponsive bioadhesive hydrogel-based bioelectronic sensor is designed by dexterously combining a biological polymer network of natural gelatin and oxidized hyaluronic acid with a conducting MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) nanosheet network via Schiff-base bonds and supramolecular interactions. Benefiting from their unique temperature-responsive adhesiveness and sol-gel phase transition, the as-assembled flexible electronics exhibit admirable on-demand conformal adhesion and low interfacial impedance, enabling ultra-sensitive human motion monitoring with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR up to 33.02 dB), highlighting its potential for intelligent human-machine interfacing and personalized healthcare monitoring in next-generation flexible bioelectronics.