Recent advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines

IF 72.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY
Neeha Zaidi, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Mark Yarchoan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The success of cancer prevention vaccines targeting cancer-causing viruses has drastically reduced cancer mortality worldwide. However, the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, which aim to elicit an immune response directly against cancer cells, has faced notable clinical setbacks. In this Review, we explore lessons learned from past cancer vaccine trials and how the field has progressed into an era of renewed promise. Previous vaccines primarily targeted tumour-associated antigens and were mainly tested as monotherapies in late-stage cancers. In contrast, contemporary vaccines focus on targeting tumour-specific antigens (neoantigens) and are showing initial evidence of clinical efficacy, particularly in early-stage cancers and precancers when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Advances in tumour profiling and novel vaccine platforms have enhanced vaccine specificity and potency. We discuss recent clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccines and outline future directions for the field.

Abstract Image

治疗性癌症疫苗的最新进展
针对致癌病毒的癌症预防疫苗的成功大大降低了全世界的癌症死亡率。然而,旨在引发直接针对癌细胞的免疫反应的治疗性癌症疫苗的开发面临着明显的临床挫折。在这篇评论中,我们探讨了从过去的癌症疫苗试验中吸取的教训,以及该领域如何发展到一个新的希望时代。以前的疫苗主要针对肿瘤相关抗原,并且主要作为晚期癌症的单一疗法进行测试。相比之下,当代疫苗侧重于靶向肿瘤特异性抗原(新抗原),并显示出临床疗效的初步证据,特别是在与免疫检查点抑制剂联合治疗早期癌症和癌前病变时。肿瘤分析和新型疫苗平台的进展增强了疫苗的特异性和效力。我们讨论了最近治疗性癌症疫苗的临床试验,并概述了该领域的未来方向。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer 医学-肿瘤学
CiteScore
111.90
自引率
0.40%
发文量
97
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Cancer, a part of the Nature Reviews portfolio of journals, aims to be the premier source of reviews and commentaries for the scientific communities it serves. The correct abbreviation for abstracting and indexing purposes is Nat. Rev. Cancer. The international standard serial numbers (ISSN) for Nature Reviews Cancer are 1474-175X (print) and 1474-1768 (online). Unlike other journals, Nature Reviews Cancer does not have an external editorial board. Instead, all editorial decisions are made by a team of full-time professional editors who are PhD-level scientists. The journal publishes Research Highlights, Comments, Reviews, and Perspectives relevant to cancer researchers, ensuring that the articles reach the widest possible audience due to their broad scope.
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