Role of traditional and new biomarkers in the assessment of chronic kidney diseases: a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical, molecular and clinical dimensions.

Abstract

Background: Kidney function is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases. Traditional biomarkers like creatinine have limitations due to their susceptibility to interference and fluctuation. This study's objective is to test and compare the efficacy of conventional and innovative biomarkers in evaluating kidney function and disease.

Methods: We looked at creatinine, cystatin C, parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolytes, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), the APA I gene, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The present study focused on the stability, sensitivity, and specificity of biomarkers using a combination of traditional and innovative analytical techniques.

Results: Present results showed that creatinine, although commonly used as a measure, frequently overestimates renal function as a result of chromogenic interference. On the other hand, cystatin C showed better sensitivity and was less reliant on influences outside the kidneys. Kidney biomarkers, such as KIM-1, exhibit the potential for identifying acute kidney injury at an early stage. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between increased levels of CRP and PTH and the progression of kidney disease to more advanced stages.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of combining traditional and new biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosing and managing kidney illness. The more effective use of biomarkers will result in improved patient outcomes.