Ervina Sofyanti, Angeline Christy, Felix Edwin, Maria Sitanggang, Erliera Sufarnap, Zamri Radzi
{"title":"McNamara analysis comparison between Indigenous and Chinese ethnic with skeletal class I malocclusion in Medan.","authors":"Ervina Sofyanti, Angeline Christy, Felix Edwin, Maria Sitanggang, Erliera Sufarnap, Zamri Radzi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_92_24","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare lateral cephalometric variables based on McNamara analysis between Indigenous and Chinese-Indonesian ethnic patients with skeletal class I malocclusion from Medan city.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Simple random sampling of retrospective data from pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of orthodontic adult patients of three successive generations of the Mongoloid race in Medan from 2015 to 2023. Thus, the <i>unpaired t</i>-test and <i>Mann-Whitney</i> test were conducted after the normality test to compare the cephalometric analysis between Indigenous and Chinese-Indonesian ethnicities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed 32 Indigenous and 34 Chinese ethnic lateral cephalograms. There were significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between Indigenous and Chinese ethnic in the lower pharynx, nasolabial angle, A to N perpendicular, maxillomandibular differential, and Pog to N Perpendicular variables for skeletal parameters. There were also significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in nasolabial angle for the soft tissue parameter and lower pharynx for the airway parameter. Conversely, there were no significant differences (<i>P</i> > 0.05) between these groups in the Co-A, Co-gnathion, lower anterior facial height (LAFH), facial axis angle, and mandibular plane angle for skeletal parameters. There were also no significant differences (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in upper incisor to A and lower incisor to A-Pog for dental parameters. Furthermore, there were also no significant differences (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in cant of the upper lip for soft tissue parameters and upper pharynx for airway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is advisable to consider certain landmarks and reference lines based on McNamara cephalometry parameters that showed a significant difference between Indigenous and Chinese ethnic groups with skeletal class I malocclusion when determining diagnosis and formulating individualized orthodontic treatment plans for multiethnic subpopulation patients in Medan.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"14 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036756/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_92_24","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Dentistry","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: To compare lateral cephalometric variables based on McNamara analysis between Indigenous and Chinese-Indonesian ethnic patients with skeletal class I malocclusion from Medan city.
Materials and methods: Simple random sampling of retrospective data from pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of orthodontic adult patients of three successive generations of the Mongoloid race in Medan from 2015 to 2023. Thus, the unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test were conducted after the normality test to compare the cephalometric analysis between Indigenous and Chinese-Indonesian ethnicities.
Results: This cross-sectional study analyzed 32 Indigenous and 34 Chinese ethnic lateral cephalograms. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between Indigenous and Chinese ethnic in the lower pharynx, nasolabial angle, A to N perpendicular, maxillomandibular differential, and Pog to N Perpendicular variables for skeletal parameters. There were also significant differences (P < 0.05) in nasolabial angle for the soft tissue parameter and lower pharynx for the airway parameter. Conversely, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between these groups in the Co-A, Co-gnathion, lower anterior facial height (LAFH), facial axis angle, and mandibular plane angle for skeletal parameters. There were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) in upper incisor to A and lower incisor to A-Pog for dental parameters. Furthermore, there were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) in cant of the upper lip for soft tissue parameters and upper pharynx for airway.
Conclusions: It is advisable to consider certain landmarks and reference lines based on McNamara cephalometry parameters that showed a significant difference between Indigenous and Chinese ethnic groups with skeletal class I malocclusion when determining diagnosis and formulating individualized orthodontic treatment plans for multiethnic subpopulation patients in Medan.