Lower Odor Identification in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI:10.1101/2025.04.15.25325887

Benoît Jobin, Coline Zigrand, Johannes Frasnelli, Benjamin Boller, Mark W Albers

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Abstract

Introduction: Odor identification correlates with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and its decline may emerge before measurable cognitive deficits-as early as the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) stage. We aimed to compare odor identification between SCD and cognitively normal (CN) stages and investigate whether cognitive differences moderate olfactory deficits.

Methods: A systematic search of four databases identified studies assessing olfactory identification and cognitive screening in individuals aged 50+. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 11 studies (660 SCD, 574 CN).

Results: Individuals with SCD exhibited lower olfactory identification scores compared to CN participants (SMD = -0.67, 95%CI [-1.31, -0.03], p = .04). Meta-regression revealed a negative association (β = -1.79, p = .02) between cognitive and olfactory differences, indicating that greater cognitive decline was not consistently associated with greater olfactory deficits, lower odor identification scores in SCD occurred despite minimal cognitive differences across groups.

Discussion: Odor identification is lower in pre-MCI individuals reporting SCD. Olfactory decline may emerge independently prior to measurable cognitive decline, supporting the role of odor identification as a screen for AD.

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主观认知衰退中较低的气味识别：一项荟萃分析。

气味识别与阿尔茨海默病（AD）生物标志物相关，其下降可能在可测量的认知缺陷之前出现-早在主观认知衰退（SCD）阶段。我们的目的是比较SCD和认知正常（CN）阶段的气味识别，并研究认知差异是否会缓解嗅觉缺陷。方法：系统检索了四个数据库，确定了评估50岁以上个体嗅觉识别和认知筛查的研究。对11项研究（660 SCD, 574 CN）进行随机效应荟萃分析。结果：SCD个体的嗅觉识别得分低于CN参与者（SMD = -0.67, 95%CI [-1.31, -0.03], p = 0.04）。meta回归显示认知和嗅觉差异之间呈负相关（β = -1.79, p = 0.02），表明认知能力下降程度越高与嗅觉缺陷程度越高并不一致，尽管组间认知差异很小，但SCD患者的气味识别分数却越低。讨论：气味识别在mci前报告SCD的个体中较低。嗅觉衰退可能先于可测量的认知衰退独立出现，支持气味识别作为AD筛查的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

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